绿色交通与环境的可持续发展

汽车尾气是环境污染的重要来源之一。随着社会和人们对环境保护意识的增强,对道路交通汽车尾气的影响及防治越来越受到人们的重视。解决汽车污染问题．必须考虑中国国情,从环境保护、能源结构、城市建设（特别是道路建设）和汽车产业发展等方面入手,统筹使用清洁燃料、清洁的车辆技术,以及可持续的城市道路系统建设、环境管理措施,才能实现城市经济效益、社会效益和生态环境效益三者的统一。     

釜溪河自贡城区段季节性低氧成因研究

釜溪河为沱江一级支流,在自贡城区段设有国考碳研所断面。收集碳研所断面近10年来水质自动站数据,分析溶解氧(DO)变化特征,采样调查釜溪河自贡城区段水质及河道底泥污染状况,采用相关性分析、数值模拟等,研究分析釜溪河自贡城区段溶解氧分布特征及碳研所断面季节性低氧成因。研究结果表明,碳研所断面的溶解氧质量浓度变化特征呈现春末夏初最低,白天高晚上低的特征。釜溪河碳研所断面河水耗氧类污染物质量浓度较沱江流域内其他断面高,耗氧强度较大,溶解氧质量浓度较沱江流域其他断面偏低;其次,研究河段中釜溪河污水厂以下河段受污水厂低氧水排入和金子凼堰底层低氧水下泄影响,其溶解氧水平整体较污水厂以上河段低;最后,河段底泥有机质含量较高,春夏季气温升高将导致微生物分解活性增强大量消耗溶解氧,同时,闸坝和外来水体排入的水文扰动造成污水厂以下河段水温梯度弱,表层溶解氧易受底层低氧水影响,促使断面形成季节性低氧现象。溶解氧预测模型结果也进一步证实了温度变化和垂向温度梯度弱是碳研所断面溶解氧质量浓度季节性偏低的主要因素。     

An accelerated solvent extraction and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector method to rapidly determining and assessing total petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in soil from Fushan oilfield,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A high-efficient method for determining the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was established by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection,...     

Characterization, reactivity, source apportionment, and potential source areas of ambient volatile organic compounds in a typical tropical city

Based on one-year observation, the concentration, sources, and potential source areas of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were comprehensively analyzed to investigate the pollution characteristics of ambient VOCs in Haikou, China. The results showed that the annual average concentration of total VOCs (TVOCs) was 11.4 ppbV, and the composition was dominated by alkanes (8.2 ppbV, 71.4%) and alkenes (1.3 ppbV, 20.5%). The diurnal variation in the concentration of dominant VOC species showed a distinct bimodal distribution with peaks in the morning and evening. The greatest contribution to ozone formation potential (OFP) was made by alkenes (51.6%), followed by alkanes (27.2%). The concentrations of VOCs and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) in spring and summer were low, and it was difficult to generate high ozone (O₃) concentrations through photochemical reactions. The significant increase in O₃ concentrations in autumn and winter was mainly related to the transmission of pollutants from the northeast. Traffic sources (40.1%), industrial sources (19.4%), combustion sources (18.6%), solvent usage sources (15.5%) and plant sources (6.4%) were identified as major sources of VOCs through the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The southeastern coastal areas of China were identified as major potential source areas of VOCs through the potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) models. Overall, the concentration of ambient VOCs in Haikou was strongly influenced by traffic sources and long-distance transport, and the control of VOCs emitted from vehicles should be strengthened to reduce the active species of ambient VOCs in Haikou, thereby reducing the generation of O₃.     

太阳山湖群叶绿素a变化及与总氮、总磷关系

为探明太阳山湿地湖泊叶绿素a季节性变化情况及空间分布特征,探究营养输入总氮、总磷与叶绿素a之间的关系,作者于2019年1-12月份采集水样并检测了叶绿素a、总氮、总磷含量.采用方差分析、聚类分析研究叶绿素a浓度变化特征,通过相关性分析和回归分析研究总氮、总磷与叶绿素a之间的关系.结果 表明,叶绿素a浓度在时间上有显著差异,在时间维度上可分为干季和湿季2个时期.整体上表现为干季明显小于湿季;空间分布在干季期表现为1号湖＜西湖＜东湖＜3号湖＜2号湖＜小南湖,湿季期表现为1号湖＜东湖＜西湖＜3号湖＜2号湖＜小南湖.1月叶绿素a与TN相关性较大,7月和10月的叶绿素a与TP相关性较大,12月叶绿素a与TP、TN均表现出一定相关性,其他月份相关性不明显.相比于总氮,叶绿素a与总磷的关系响应程度更显著,说明总磷对其浓度水平影响作用较大.     

华南地区大气传输过程中黑碳的湿清除比例及其来源的影响

黑碳(black carbon,BC)的湿清除对其大气寿命和环境气候效应的评估至关重要。本研究使用黑碳仪(Aethalometer,AE-33)在南岭地区对BC开展了三次观测,结合指数衰减方程评估了传输过程中累计降雨量(accumulated precipitation along the trajectory,APT)对华南地区BC传输效率的影响。此外,将BC来源区分为生物质燃烧源(biomass burning,BB)和化石燃料燃烧源(fossil fuel burning,FF),探讨了不同排放源BC湿清除比例(wet scavenging ratio,WSR)的差异。结果表明：基于指数衰减方程结果和W_SR的结果指出华南地区的BC受到湿清除的影响要明显大于日韩等偏远地区,可能反映了更高拟合的BC老化程度。A_PT在5—30 mm范围内的增加对BC的湿清除有显著的影响。不同来源BC的W_SR存在显著差异：BC_BB的W_SR(44%—62%)高于BC_FF(35...     

液液萃取 — 超高效液相色谱 — 三重四级杆质谱测定地表水中19种磺胺类药物残留

建立了液液萃取—超高效液相色谱—三重四级杆质谱技术,测定地表水中19种磺胺类药物。通过乙酸乙酯超声萃取水样中的磺胺类药物,并用0.1%(体积分数)甲酸水溶液-甲醇作为流动相,C18色谱柱分离,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下测定。优化了萃取剂种类和用量、超声时间、流动相的组成等条件。在优化条件下,19种磺胺类药物在0.1～40.0μg/L范围内线性良好且相关系数均大于0.999 0,方法检出限为0.02～0.80ng/L,平均回收率为73.5%～92.8%,相对标准偏差为1.2%～8.7%。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、所需样品及有机溶剂少,适用于实际的分析检验工作。     

Rhodamine B dye staining for visualizing microplastics in laboratory-based studies

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the recent years, microplastics have attracted much attention as new emerging environmental pollutants. Previously, several studies were performed...     

碳同位素解析厌氧产酸过程挥发性有机酸来源

针对厌氧产酸条件下挥发性有机酸（VFAs）来源不明确及定向合成无依据的问题,基于同位素示踪技术对VFAs来源与合成比例进行研究.构建完全的厌氧产酸体系,采用牛血清蛋白、植物油和稳定同位素型葡萄糖（碳13丰度99%）作为反应底物,利用碳同位素示踪原理,定量分析VFAs的来源及其比例.结果表明：碳水化合物（碳13丰度99%）主要贡献偶数型短链脂肪酸的生成,其中对乙酸（HAc）和丁酸（HBu）的贡献率分别为77%和86%;而蛋白质（碳12）主要贡献奇数型短链脂肪酸的生成,其中对丙酸（HPr）和戊酸（HVa）的贡献率分别为85%和99%.通过改变发酵底物中碳水化合物和蛋白质比例,可以有效调节水解液中奇数型与偶数型短链脂肪酸的浓度和比例,为后期微生物合成高品质聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）提供物质基础.