排序方式: 共有23条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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通过多阶段暴露试验评价嘧菌酯对斑马鱼的急性毒性与发育毒性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
嘧菌酯作为最畅销的甲氧丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂,是防治水稻病害的常用农药,其对水生生态环境的负面效应值得重视.为研究嘧菌酯对水生生物的危害,进行多阶段(成鱼、仔鱼、胚胎)斑马鱼毒性试验,分析了嘧菌酯对鱼类的急性毒性,同时,通过6 d胚胎发育试验,研究了嘧菌酯对鱼类早期发育阶段的影响.结果表明,斑马鱼3个生命阶段对嘧菌酯的敏感性(以96 h-LC50(致死中浓度)表示)顺序为:仔鱼(0.39 mg·L~(-1))胚胎(0.61 mg·L~(-1))成鱼(1.37 mg·L~(-1)).6 d胚胎发育试验结果发现,嘧菌酯可诱导斑马鱼胚胎出现一系列不良症状,包括孵化率下降、心率异常、生长抑制和心包水肿等.0.25 mg·L~(-1)的嘧菌酯可显著促进斑马鱼胚胎自主运动和心率,并能明显抑制孵化仔鱼的体长.0.6 mg·L~(-1)及更高浓度的嘧菌酯可明显抑制斑马鱼胚胎眼睛、体节、尾部和心脏的发育.研究显示,嘧菌酯对斑马鱼多个生命阶段均具有一定毒性,但对早期生命阶段毒性更强,因此,其对鱼类早期生命阶段的影响值得重视. 相似文献
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为研究3种典型有机氯农药(%-六六六、p,p'-DDT和七氯)低浓度暴露对锦鲤幼鱼的雌激素效应及其体内富集效应,将锦鲤幼鱼暴露于有机氯农药的6个浓度组中进行20 d慢性毒性试验,测量血清中游离钙和蛋白结合磷含量及体内各组织有机氯农药残留。结果表明,在低浓度暴露20 d后,锦鲤幼鱼血清中游离钙和蛋白结合磷含量均随暴露浓度增加而呈先增后减之势,产生了明显的雌激素效应。p,p'-DDT在鱼体各组织中的富集能力远高于%-六六六和七氯;p,p'-DDT主要在鱼油中富集,其次为鱼肝、鱼鳃和鱼皮;%-六六六和七氯主要在鱼肝中富集,其次为鱼皮、鱼鳃和鱼油;3种有机氯农药在鱼肉中的富集相对较少。 相似文献
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Characterization of volatile organic compounds in the urban area of Beijing from 2000 to 2007 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Beijing is one of the most polluted cities in the world. In this study, the long-term and continuous measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the urban area of Beijing, specifically at Beijing 325 m Meteorological Tower, were conducted from 2000 to 2007. The annual record of VOC trends exhibited in two different phases was separated in 2003. Records show that VOC concentrations increased from 2000 to 2003 due to the abrupt increase in vehicle number. Contrarily, since 2003, there had been a decrease in VOCs concentrations as the policy on gasoline and air pollution was implemented. Toluene, benzene, and i-pentane are the chemicals that abound in and are directly related to vehicle activity, such as in vehicle exhaust and gasoline evaporation. Furthermore, records indicate that there had been seasonal variation in VOCs levels in that VOCs level in summer is higher than that in winter. As such, temperature is considered to significantly contribute to VOCs in Beijing. Records also show that VOCs level was high in the morning and during rush hours in the evening. In contrast, VOCs level was low during midday due to photochemical destruction with OH radical and dilution effect. In this study, a particular benzene to toluene ratio range (0.4-1.0) was used as the indicator of air propelled by vehicular exhaust. We also applied the correlation coefficients between BTEX and i-pentane to evaluate evaporation influence to ambient BTEX in the Beijing urban area. 相似文献
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Mu Xiyan Qi Suzhen Liu Jia Yuan Lilai Huang Ying Xue Jiaying Qian Le Wang Chengju Li Yingren 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(1):41-48
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Microplastics and bisphenol analogues are emerging environmental pollutants widely occurring in freshwaters. Harmful effects of microplastics and bisphenols have... 相似文献
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Yuan Lilai Liu Jia Huang Ying Shen Gongming Pang Sen Wang Chengju Li Yingren Mu Xiyan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(58):87402-87412
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To comprehensively understand the toxic risks of phthalates to aquatic ecosystems, we examined the acute toxicity of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate... 相似文献
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不同降雨条件下非点源污染氮负荷入河系数研究 总被引:35,自引:8,他引:27
以黑河流域为研究区,利用1998年河道实测径流量、泥沙负荷和非点源污染调查资料,对所建的非点源污染模型进行了参数率定.在此基础上,分析了非点源污染负荷的坡面-入河过程,提出了非点源污染负荷的"流域损失系数-入河系数"的概念;利用研究区的资料,对不同降水条件下农田、城镇、草地、灌木及森林等土地利用类型的各亚流域氮的入河系数进行了研究,对比分析了2种计算方法(SWAT模型方法和输出系数法)所得到的氮的入河系数.结果表明,2种方法所计算的氮的入河系数均较为合理,其计算结果的Pearson相关系数为0.94722(p<0.05).此外,研究还表明,不同的降水条件和土地利用类型下氮的入河系数存在差异.对于吸附态氮,入河系数的大小排列依次为农田>城镇>草地>灌木>森林;对于溶解态氮,其入河系数的大小排列次序为农田>草地>灌木>森林>城镇. 相似文献
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盐胁迫下硅对黄瓜叶片抗氧化酶活性和膜脂过氧化物的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用无土盆栽试验方法,研究了轻度和重度盐(NaCl)胁迫下,硅对黄瓜Cucumis sativus L.叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)的含量的影响.施硅量设置5个水平,分别为0.0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4 g SiO2·kg-1基质;钠盐(NaCl)胁迫设置轻度(每kg基质2.0 g)和重度(每kg基质5.0 g)胁迫两个水平.结果表明:硅显著提高了黄瓜叶片抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性,与不施硅的盐分胁迫处理相比,SOD活性提高了3.65%~130.1%,POD活性提高了11.7%~85.9%,CAT活性提高了44.6%~117.1%;MDA含量显著降低了1.0%~25.8%.施硅量相同,重度盐分胁迫处理SOD、POD、CAT活性低于轻度盐分胁迫,MDA含量高于轻度胁迫处理.相同盐分胁迫下,施硅量愈大,SOD、POD、CAT活性愈高,MDA含量愈低;轻度盐分胁迫条件下,硅对SOD、POD、CAT活性的提升作用大于重度盐分胁迫.以上结果说明硅对黄瓜叶片抗氧化酶活性和膜质过氧化物的影响与施硅量和盐分胁迫程度密切相关. 相似文献
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