夏季太湖CDOM光学特性空间差异及其来源解析

为进一步探究夏季太湖CDOM（有色溶解性有机质）光学特性在空间分布上的差异性与其来源的关系,对其紫外-可见吸收及三维荧光光谱特性进行了分析研究,在此基础上进一步分析了CDOM吸尘系数及其荧光组分（C1、C2、C3、C4）强度和各水质参数间的相关性.结合主成分分析法探讨了CDOM的来源以及与各参数指标[ρ（DOC）除外]之间的来源关系.结果表明:CDOM吸收系数α（355）、S值（光谱斜率）变化范围分别为3.27~8.27 m-1和0.011~0.021 nm-1;太湖西部、北部及南部湖区CDOM丰度较大,S值较低,受陆源输入的影响较为明显.CDOM的三维荧光光谱揭示其中含有两种类蛋白质组分C1和C2以及类腐殖质组分C3和C4,并且以类蛋白质组分为主.此外,大部分采样点的荧光指数（FI）为1.70~2.01,自生源指数（BIX）大于1,腐殖化指数（HIX）小于0.6,r_（T/C）（荧光峰T与荧光峰C荧光强度比值）小于2,表明夏季太湖CDOM内源特性相对强烈.研究显示,除ρ（DOC）外,CDOM与其他水质参数在第一主成分上（贡献率为90.8%）均存在显著相关关系,说明各水质参数的来源存在相似性,并且受生物自生源影响更为显著.      

滇池流域土壤活性腐殖质及其主要组分的紫外-可见与三维荧光光学特性

利用紫外-可见光谱和三维荧光光谱技术,结合土壤腐殖质及腐殖质组分(胡敏酸、富里酸)中的有机碳含量,研究了滇池流域土壤活性腐殖质及其组分胡敏酸和富里酸的光谱特征.结果表明,滇池流域土壤活性腐殖质中富里酸含量高于胡敏酸,流域范围内土壤活性腐殖质及其组分含量分布不均匀,活性腐殖质、胡敏酸和富里酸含量的变异系数分别达37.7%、36.4%、40.9%.土壤活性腐殖质及其组分胡敏酸和富里酸的碳含量均表现为菜地荒地草地湿地.光谱特征结果表明,滇池流域土壤活性腐殖质主要由自生源物质和经一定程度降解后的外源物质共同组成.此外,自生源性与光化学及生物活性具有正相关关系.因此,具有弱自生源性的滇池流域土壤活性腐殖质所具有的光化学和生物活性较弱.     

Sb release characteristics of the solid waste produced in antimony mining smelting process

Sb release characteristics of blast furnace slag, mining waste rock and tailing sand were investigated in static immersion and dynamic leaching test. These three kinds of waste samples were collected from the antimony mine in Lengshuijiang, China, produced in mining smelting process. Effects of solid/liquid ratio, sample size and pH of leaching solution on Sb release characteristics were inspected based on the analysis of scanning electron microscope, pH and EC of leachate. The optimal parameters for Sb leaching of each sample were analyzed. For blast furnace slag and mining waste rock, Sb release contents increased along with the decline of solid/liquid ratio. The maximum accumulative release contents were 42.13, 34.26 mg/kg at the solid/liquid ratio of 1:20. While Sb release content for tailing sand decreased first and then increased with the reduction of solid/liquid ratio. When the solid/liquid ratio was 1:5, the accumulative Sb release content reached the most (24.30 mg/kg). Sb release content of mining waste rock increased with the drop of leaching solution pH, with the highest accumulative release content of 26.01 mg/kg at pH 2.0. Sb release contents of blast furnace slag and tailing sand showed positive correlation with the variation of leaching solution pH. The maximum accumulative release contents of these two samples were 215.91 and 147.83 mg/kg, respectively, when leaching solution pH was 7.0. In summary, Sb release capacity of the three samples in descending order was tailing sand, blast furnace slag and mining waste rock. pH and EC of the leachate in dynamic test varied independently with the initial pH of leaching solution while showing close relationship with mineral hydrolysis in the waste.     

在线衍生化吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱分析水中的五氯酚

建立了通过乙酸酐衍生化-吹扫捕集-气相色谱／质谱分析水中五氯酚的新方法，探讨了吹扫时间、样品池温度、离子强度以及衍生化试剂的加入量等条件对捕集效果的影响。结果表明：采用吹扫时间25min、样品池温度60℃、离子强度20％氯化钠以及衍生化试剂的量200μl等条件对水中的五氯酚有较好的捕集效果，用于水中五氯酚的测定，结果满意。     

The ignored emission of volatile organic compounds from iron ore sinter process

Iron ore sintering is a major source of gaseous and particulate pollutants emission in iron smelt plant. The aim of present study is to characterize the volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emission profiles from iron ore sintering process. Both sinter pot test and sinter simulation experiment were conducted and compared. Out results showed that sinter process produced large quantity of VOCs together with NOxand SO_2. VOCs and NO were produced simultaneously in sinter pot test from 3 to 24 min after ignition, flowed by SO_2 production from 15 min to the end of sintering. Total VOCs(TVOC) concentration in sinter flue gas was affected by the coal and coke ratio in sinter raw material. The maximum TVOC concentration was 34.5 ppm when using 100% coal as fuel. Sinter simulation experiments found that the number of VOCs species and their concentrations were found by sinter temperature. The largest VOCs species varieties were obtained at 500 °C. Benzene, toluene,xylene and ethylbenzene were major VOCs in sinter flue gas based on the results from both simulation test and sinter pot. It thus demonstrated that in addition to NO_x, SO_2 and metal oxide particles, sinter flue gas also contained significant amount of VOCs whose environmental impact cannot be ignored. Based on our work, it is timely needed to establish a new VOC emission standard for sinter flue gas and develop advanced techniques to simultaneously eliminate multi-pollutants in iron ore sinter process.     

电力配电房在火灾下的有限元模拟分析

针对钢框架结构形式的电力配电房在基本荷载组合工况下构件承载能力的关键问题,运用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对模型进行空间静力分析,得出电力配电房在各种工况下的最不利荷载及其位置;针对电力配电房在火灾工况下构件耐火性能的关键问题,运用ABAQUS模拟分析其在火灾工况下的温度场分布和钢框架结构的承载能力和力学性能,并对这两类工况对比分析。研究结果表明:在基本荷载工况下,电力配电房在恒荷载与活荷载形成的组合效应下产生的沿X、Y、Z方向的剪力和弯矩最大,且其形成的竖向位移也最大;在火灾工况下,电力配电房最大应力位置与普通荷载工况大致相同,但最大位移位置不同;虽有局部钢材应力超限,但钢框架结构仍具备承载能力,设计人员可将应力超限的构件替换为屈服强度更高的钢材而非全部替换,既保证了整体结构的安全性,又达到节约材料降低造价的目的。     

Human health risk assessment of heavy metals from PM2.5 in China’s 29 provincial capital cities

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - After years of governance, China’s PM2.5 pollution has improved significantly, but some problems remain. PM2.5 is the carrier of many heavy...     

基于AHP-PSO的滇池流域生态补偿标准评估

通过AHP（层次分析法）在决策目标、影响指标及评估方案3层要素之间,选取湖泊环境、社会因素及经济因素3个维度的25个基层指标,建立了湖泊生态补偿标准评估指标体系。采用MATLAB软件编写了2个程序,分别用于求解初始评分矩阵、计算评估方案权重和辅助PSO（粒子群优化算法）修正指标体系中不满足一致性要求的初始评分矩阵、优化层次分析结果。经计算,生态系统服务价值理论与污染治理费用法的权重分别为38.16%、61.84%。选用生态系统服务价值理论与污染治理费用法两种评估方案,并结合市场价值法、成果参照法、影子工程法、Vollenweider模型及完全混合模型,通过实证研究检验评估标准的合理性。计算得出滇池流域的生态补偿标准总额为32.630 2亿元/a,流域内单位面积的生态补偿标准为5 207元/（a·hm²）。     

电渗透-过硫酸盐氧化对污泥胞外聚合物的影响

利用电渗透-高级氧化协同的方法,采用自制装置对市政污水厂的脱水污泥进行了深度脱水研究,系统研究了恒定电压和恒定电流对污泥脱水效果的影响,并分析了电渗透-高级氧化协同对污泥中胞外聚合物(EPS)的影响规律。结果表明,电压和电流的变化对于污泥脱水的影响显著,电渗透-高级氧化协同对污泥中的胞外聚合物有明显的破坏作用,其中电渗透作用对松散附着型EPS(LB-EPS)和黏液层EPS(S-EPS)的破坏明显,而高级氧化作用对于紧密黏附型EPS(TB-EPS)的破坏更为显著。     

燃气红外干化污泥对肥效及农用安全性的影响

自行研制的以煤气为能源的污泥干化中试成套设备，干化城市污水处理厂污泥，并对污泥肥效、病原体杀灭效果以及重金属含量的变化进行了研究，结果表明，经该套设备处理后，污泥的肥效保持不变，重金属含量也未发生变化，而污泥中的大肠杆菌和蛔虫卵全部被杀灭。处理后的污泥可在我国中、碱性土壤上作农肥使用。