钙镁磷肥对土壤中镉形态转化与水稻吸镉的影响

酸性镉污染水田施用不同用量的钙镁磷肥的田间试验表明:土壤中交换态镉的分配系数随钙镁磷肥用量的增加而降低,呈显著负相关(r,-0.9314);碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态镉的分配系数则呈显著正相关(r,0,9395)。而土壤中有效态镉含量与钙镁磷肥用量则呈显著负相关(r,-0.8853)。镉污染水田一次性投加高量钙镁磷肥后,可使土壤pH显著升高,交换态镉分配系数明显下降,碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态镉分配系数明显升高,导致土壤中有效态镉含量大幅度下降,从而大大减少水稻植株的吸镉量。     

分光光度法测定总铬的改进

在酸性溶液中以二苯碳酰二肼为显色剂测量总铬,高锰酸钾作氧化剂,过量的高锰酸钾需用亚硝酸钠还原,分析过程较为烦琐.过硫酸铵是无色晶体,在氧化三价铬时不产生颜色,因此,不会干扰本底.另外,在酸性条件下对三价铬的氧化速度很快,在室温短时间内就能完成.剩余的过硫酸铵在酸性溶液中通过加热煮沸很快分解为硫酸铵,亦不干扰显色反应.用过硫酸铵代替高锰酸钾作为氧化剂测定水中总铬,测定快速、简便.精密度、准确度与高锰酸钾氧化法一致.     

Explanation of heavy metal pollution in coal mines of china from the perspective of coal gangue geochemical characteristics

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the process of coal gangue surface accumulation and underground filling disposal, the heavy metals contained in coal gangue will inevitably...     

明胶厂剩余高钙污泥作为燃煤固硫剂的应用研究

明胶生产产业在废水处理工艺中产生大量剩余高钙污泥,采用该剩余污泥作为燃煤固硫剂,在高温管式电阻炉内进行燃烧实验,通过测定燃烧前和燃烧后样品中的硫含量确定该剩余污泥的固硫效果。通过单因素研究煤粉粒径、剩余污泥粒径和剩余污泥/煤样%等影响因素对固硫率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上通过正交设计法优选达到较高固硫率的实验条件。实验结果表明:影响固硫率的因素从大到小依次为燃烧温度>剩余污泥/煤样%>煤粉粒径>剩余污泥粒径。以剩余污泥作为固硫剂,固硫率最高的实验条件为:燃烧温度800℃,剩余污泥/煤样为3%,煤粉粒径60⁹0目,剩余污泥粒径9090目,剩余污泥粒径90¹20目。并且,当温度达到1150℃,煤粉粒径90120目。并且,当温度达到1150℃,煤粉粒径90¹20目,剩余污泥粒径为60120目,剩余污泥粒径为60⁹0目,污泥/煤样(质量比)为3%时,固硫率可达62.78%,说明在高温下该剩余污泥保持较高的固硫率。将明胶厂剩余污泥作为固硫剂是较为合适的再利用方法,可有效缓解当前该污泥大量堆积污染环境的状况。     

排污权交易之排放跟踪数据校核研究

本文以排污权交易的核心业务排放跟踪管理为出发点,选择电厂二氧化硫指标进行排放跟踪数据过程校核体系研究,探索进一步提高排污权交易体系中排放数据准确性的机制。     

农村环境污染现状及治理对策

文章结合农村实际情况,从环境保护的角度分析了当前农村存在的主要环境污染问题及其成因,并提出了相应的治理对策措施。     

Compositions and sources of organic acids in fine particles (PM2.5) over the Pearl River Delta region, south China

Organic acids as important constituents of organic aerosols not only influence the aerosols' hygroscopic property, but also enhance the formation of new particles and secondary organic aerosols. This study reported organic acids including C14–C32fatty acids, C4–C9dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids in PM2.5collected during winter 2009 at six typical urban, suburban and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta region. Averaged concentrations of C14–C32fatty acids, aromatic acids and C4– C9 dicarboxylic acids were 157, 72.5 and 50.7 ng/m3, respectively. They totally accounted for 1.7% of measured organic carbon. C20–C32fatty acids mainly deriving from higher plant wax showed the highest concentration at the upwind rural site with more vegetation around, while C14–C18fatty acids were more abundant at urban and suburban sites, and dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids except 1,4-phthalic acid peaked at the downwind rural site. Succinic and azelaic acid were the most abundant among C4–C9dicarboxylic acids, and 1,2-phthalic and 1,4-phthalic acid were dominant aromatic acids. Dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids exhibited significant mutual correlations except for 1,4-phthalic acid, which was probably primarily emitted from combustion of solid wastes containing polyethylene terephthalate plastics. Spatial patterns and correlations with typical source tracers suggested that C14–C32fatty acids were mainly primary while dicarboxylic and aromatic acids were largely secondary. Principal component analysis resolved six sources including biomass burning, natural higher plant wax, two mixed anthropogenic and two secondary sources; further multiple linear regression revealed their contributions to individual organic acids. It turned out that more than 70% of C14–C18fatty acids were attributed to anthropogenic sources, about 50%–85% of the C20–C32fatty acids were attributed to natural sources, 80%–95% of dicarboxylic acids and 1,2-phthalic acid were secondary in contrast with that 81% of 1,4-phthalic acid was primary.     

糖蜜酒精厂环境保护验收清洁生产评价研究

糖蜜是糖厂榨糖后的副产品,含有可发酵性的糖45％∽52％,是直接用于发酵生产酒精的较好的原料.文章以广西某糖蜜酒精厂为例,在调查了解酒精厂生产工艺与装备、资源能源利用指标、污染物产生指标、废物回收利用率和环境管理要求等五个方面的基础上,认真细致分析环境保护竣工验收监测数据及生产报表数据,按照（HJ 581-2010）《清洁生产标准酒精制造业》（国家环境保护部）的要求对酒精厂清洁生产水平进行评价,并根据评价结果提出进一步提高清洁生产水平的建议和要求.     

新疆奎屯原生高砷地下水的分布、类型及成因分析

原生高砷地下水在全球分布广、危害大,严重威胁着全世界数亿人口的身体健康.为科学指导高砷地区地下水资源的合理开发利用,以中国大陆第一个砷中毒病区新疆奎屯为研究区域,分析了奎屯地区高砷地下水的分布规律、类型及成因.结果表明,奎屯地区有88.7%的地下水中砷浓度超出10μg·L~(-1),多为高砷地下水.高砷地下水多分布在深层承压含水层,砷浓度从南向北逐渐升高,与采样点海拔高度呈显著负相关.奎屯地区地下水整体呈弱碱性、碱性环境,氧化还原电位(Eh)均为负值,具有较强的还原性,属于还原性-弱碱性高砷地下水(I-2型).奎屯南面的天山与北面的河流沉积平原环境相结合,为该区地下水形成高砷提供了有利的地质环境.奎屯地区沉积层深厚,地下径流更替缓慢,相对封闭的水文地质条件使地下水中的砷富集而不易流失,强烈的蒸发可以使地下水中的砷进一步浓缩.同时,地下水的还原条件有利于含水层中砷的释放,砷浓度不仅受铁锰氧化物矿物还原的影响,而且受SO2-4还原和硫化物矿物沉淀的控制,吸附态砷的解吸附也是该地区地下水的富砷过程.     

以人为本 开创高校工会工作新局面

认真落实科学发展观,以科学发展观统领工会工作,必须体现在党对工会工作的要求上,体现在准确全面履行好工会的职责上,从而充分发挥工会在支持改革开放、促进经济发展、推动社会进步中的积极作用。