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1.
利用臭氧(O3)-陶瓷膜过滤(CMF)处理常规工艺出水,研究了不同O3-CMF耦合方式对膜性能和消毒副产物(DBPs)的影响.结果表明,与单独CMF相比,异位O3-CMF和原位O3-CMF均可以有效缓解膜污染,原位O3-CMF控制效果最佳.异位O3-CMF对进水(常规工艺出水) DOC去除率(26.25%)略高于原位O3-CMF(22.31%),但是其SUVA去除率(83.91%)明显低于原位O3-CMF(93.10%).羟基自由基(·OH)生成特征表明原位O3-CMF可促进O3产生更多的·OH.在O3、·OH氧化和陶瓷膜截留协同作用下,异位O3-CMF和原位O3-CMF出水中总荧光响应强度和相对分子质量大于0.3×103,有机物含量降低,进而使得出水中含碳消毒副产物(C-DBPs)生成量分别降低了21.86%和32.35%,含氮消毒副产物(N-DBPs)生成量分别降低了16.16%和19.13%.但O3和·OH氧化后生成的小分子有机物因难以被CM截留导致其在出水中含量增加,进而增加了卤代酮(HKs)、水合氯醛(CH)和三卤硝基甲烷(THNMs)的产生.本研究对于不同O3-CMF方式下O3与CM的协同机制的探讨,改善膜性能和提升DBPs前体物的去除具有一定指导意义.  相似文献   
2.
土壤淋洗废液中污染物的选择性去除是实现淋洗液回收的关键.本文以硫化钠(Na2S)、乙基黄原酸钾(PEX)、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(DTC)作为重金属沉淀剂处理电子垃圾污染土壤模拟淋洗废液,在筛选出Na2S作为理想重金属沉淀剂的基础上,研究初始pH值、反应温度、沉淀剂浓度等因素对Na2S分离络合态重金属的影响,并通过软件模拟和产物表征等方式推测反应机理.结果表明:Na2S对柠檬酸络合态重金属的分离顺序依次为Cu、Pb、Cd,符合硫化物溶度积原则;反应温度、初始pH值对Na2S处理络合态重金属无显著影响,重金属去除率均保持在90%以上,柠檬酸的回收率约为95%;Visual MINTEQ模拟结果显示,S2-投加前液相中重金属主要以H2CA-、HCA2-和CA3-结合形式存在,S2-投加后液相中重金属则以HS-和S2-结合形式存在;扫描电镜及能谱(SEM-EDS)表明,S2-与金属阳离子按物质的量比1:1生成硫化物沉淀物,沉淀主要呈团聚、成簇和圆片状存在;X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果表明,沉淀产物中存在CuS、CdS、PbS和CuPbS2.本研究结果可为化学沉淀法处理重金属污染土壤淋洗废液提供技术参考.  相似文献   
3.
以VPO为活性组分,N掺杂TiO 2为载体,采用浸渍法制备了VPO/TiN催化剂,基于单因素实验研究了其对NO的选择性催化氧化(SCO)性能以及抗硫抗水性能。研究表明:当P/V为1/5、N/Ti为1、活性组分负载量为10%、焙烧温度为350℃时,催化剂的SCO活性最好,NO氧化率达到61%;光致发光光谱(PL)表征显示N掺杂TiO 2在催化剂表面形成的氧空位可增强催化剂对O 2的吸附;VPO/TiN催化剂抗硫抗水性能较强,反应后的催化剂表面未发现硫酸根的特征峰,水蒸气主要通过与NO竞争吸附占据活性位点来抑制催化剂的SCO活性。  相似文献   
4.
射流曝气SBR技术在屠宰废水治理中的应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
介绍了应用射流曝气和序列间歇式活性污泥(SBR)治理屠宰废水的工程实例。半年多的运行情况表明,该系统具有很好操作性和稳定性,当系统污水排放量或有机负荷发生较大波动时,有较好的缓冲适应能力,并能保证整个系统稳定达标。  相似文献   
5.

The content of fine sand (< 200 μm) in primary sludge is relatively high in Chongqing sewage treatment plant owing to the part of rainwater will be mixed with sand and discharged into the municipal pipe network. Due to the insufficient separation of the sand, different obstacles to subsequent treatment processes may increase equipment wear, reduce effective volume of the tank, or shorten the cleaning cycle. There is a common use of grit chamber for the separation. Nevertheless, the use of hydrocyclone shows an outstanding performance in cost effectiveness and ease operation. The primary sludge in a sewage plant in Chongqing was monitored, and the average concentration of total suspend solids (TSS), total sand content, and volatile suspended solid (VSS) were 40.25 g/L, 17.51 g/L, and 13.41 g/L, respectively. The size of sand in the sludge was small, and the sand below 30 μm accounted for about 70% of the total sand. It formed flocs with organic matter and was removed in subsequent process units. While the size between 30–200 μm, called fine sand, was the main separation object, accounted for about 28.5%. According to XRF and XRD analysis, the sludge composition was mainly composed of quartz (SiO2), plagioclase (Na(AlSi3O8)), and calcite (CaCO3), which were similar to the main mineral composition of surface sediments and mountain rocks in the main urban area of Chongqing. A single-factor experiment on two types (FX100 and FX50) of hydrocylones was conducted to determine their abilities concerning the separation of fine sand and enrichment of organic matters from primary sludge. FX100 and FX50 showed best performance in the case of P = 0.17 Mpa, underflow diameter (Du) = 18 mm and P = 0.20 Mpa, Du = 6 mm, respectively. The removal efficiency of fine sand by hydrocyclone FX50 was 71.39%. While, it had poor performance on organic matter enrichment and the removal efficiency of which was 17.38%. By contrast, the removal rate by FX100 reached 61.89% for fine sand and only 6.89% for organic matters detached. The superimposition effect did not appear in the serial experiments on hydrocylone FX100 and FX50, but the power is 3.5 times of that of single-stage hydrocylone FX100. Comprehensive consideration of the processing capacity per unit time and operating power, the hydrocylone FX100 was more suitable for actual operation.

  相似文献   
6.
Soil contamination with tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) has caused great concerns;however, the presence of heavy metals and soil organic matter on the biodegradation of TBBPA is still unclear. We isolated Pseudomonas sp. strain CDT, a TBBPA-degrading bacterium, from activated sludge and incubated it with ~(14)C-labeled TBBPA for 87 days in the absence and presence of Cu~(2+)and humic acids(HA). TBBPA was degraded to organic-solvent extractable(59.4% ± 2.2%) and non-extractable(25.1% ± 1.3%) metabolites,mineralized to CO_2(4.8% ± 0.8%), and assimilated into cells(10.6% ± 0.9%) at the end of incubation. When Cu~(2+)was present, the transformation of extractable metabolites into non-extractable metabolites and mineralization were inhibited, possibly due to the toxicity of Cu~(2+)to cells. HA significantly inhibited both dissipation and mineralization of TBBPA and altered the fate of TBBPA in the culture by formation of HA-bound residues that amounted to 22.1% ± 3.7% of the transformed TBBPA. The inhibition from HA was attributed to adsorption of TBBPA and formation of bound residues with HA via reaction of reactive metabolites with HA molecules, which decreased bioavailability of TBBPA and metabolites in the culture. When Cu~(2+)and HA were both present, Cu~(2+)significantly promoted the HA inhibition on TBBPA dissipation but not on metabolite degradation. The results provide insights into individual and interactive effects of Cu~(2+)and soil organic matter on the biotransformation of TBBPA and indicate that soil organic matter plays an essential role in determining the fate of organic pollutants in soil and mitigating heavy metal toxicity.  相似文献   
7.
基于GIS、RS、GPS集成技术,依据南京市10大类大气污染源排放和空间分布特征,采用合适的空间分配方法,根据各排放源的相关权重分配因子,构建了南京市2015年大气污染源排放清单1 km×1 km的网格化空间数据库,并基于GIS平台叠加显示形成了2015年南京市大气污染源1 km×1 km空间分布图.结果表明,此次空间分配结果与南京市GDP、路网、人口、农业等相关分布特征相互吻合,说明本研究网格化空间分配方法较为合理可靠,可满足后续空气质量模拟的需求.  相似文献   
8.
鉴于压缩天然气(CNG)加气站日常运行对周边环境影响的高风险状态,文章依据洛阳市某CNG加气站生产运营状况,对其运营过程中可能造成的环境影响进行预测、评析,并提出了合理的防范措施。  相似文献   
9.
随着中国经济的高速发展和城市化进程的加快,环境资源的消耗进一步加大,环境资源面临枯竭问题已经严重影响到社会经济的可持续发展。建立排污权有偿使用与交易制度对于解决过高的环境治理成本问题具有重要作用。本文从排污权的基本法律理论入手,总结和分析我省排污权有偿使用和交易政策法规存在的问题,进而提出适合我省的政策建议,以期完善我省排污权有偿使用和交易的政策法规体系。  相似文献   
10.
Photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid (OA) was conducted with a Ag^+/TiO2 catalyst and different pathways were found for the degradation of different compounds. Ag^+ greatly promoted the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants due to its role as an electron scavenger. It also accelerated the removal rate of OA in ozonation and the simultaneous process for its complex reaction with oxalate. Phenol could be degraded both in direct ozonation and photolysis, but the TOC removal rates were much higher in the simultaneous processes due to the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals resulting from synergetic effects. The sequence of photo-illumination and ozone exposure in the combined process showed quite different effects in phenol degradation and TOC removal. The synergetic effects in different combined processes were found to be highly related to the properties of the target pollutants. The color change of the solution and TEM result confirmed that Ag+ was easily reduced and deposited on the surface of Tit2 under photo-illumination, and dissolved again into solution in the presence of ozone. This simple cycle of enrichment and distribution of Ag^+ can greatly benefit the design of advanced oxidation processes, in which the sequences of ozone and photo-illumination can be varied according to the needs for catalyst recycling and the different properties of pollutants.  相似文献   
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