Determination of o-phthalic acid in snow and its photochemical degradation by capillary gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection

Phthalic acid and its photochemical degradation has been determined in snow and rainwater samples collected during winters (2003-2010) in the Southeast of Massachusetts using capillary gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. Water samples were dried using a rotary evaporator and derivatized with a 14% BF₃/methanol reagent before GC analysis. The developed method proved simple and accurate. Phthalic acid was found in snow samples collected in a concentration range of 7.22-76.5 nM. The photodegradation of phthalate was carried out under 300 nm UV light. The direct photodecomposition of the acid is slow (5% h⁻¹). However, the addition of dissolved Fe(III) species at 2.0 μM accelerated the light-induced degradation of phthalic acid by 3.5 times in the atmospheric water samples. Photodegradation rates of phthalic acid increases with decreasing pH value of water samples in the range of pH 2.8-4.5.     

玉米深加工废水的混凝实验

在室温条件下,分别选用聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)及三氯化铁(FeCl3)对玉米深加工废水进行混凝实验。综合考虑各种混凝剂对磷、COD以及SS的去除效果,最终选取PAC作为混凝剂。采用PAC和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作为复合混凝剂,对其去除效果做进一步研究,并确定了最佳投加量及pH值。实验结果表明,在PAC投加量25mg/L,PAM投加量0.5 mg/L,pH为8条件下,混凝效果最佳。磷、COD、SS去除率可分别达到90.1%、53.3%和88.2%,对应的出水质量浓度分别为0.41、26.8和2 mg/L。     

A/O+MBR工艺处理玉米深加工废水的中试研究

实验基于企业污水站的改造工程,研究了MBR对玉米深加工废水的处理效果并对工艺运行参数优化提出建议.结果表明,该工艺对COD的去除率可以达到90％以上,出水稳定在26 mg/L左右;出水NH4-N达到1 mg/L以下;TN去除率达到70％以上,出水TN达到10 mg/L以下,出水完全达到排放标准.通过4种工况的比较,说明在污泥浓度8 g/L左右,曝气池内DO在3 mg/L左右,MBR内DO＞4 mg/L,好氧段停留时间13.5 h,并保证3h以上的缺氧段水力停留段时间的条件下,A/O+ MBR工艺可以有效去除玉米深加工废水中的污染物.     

Reassessment of the Ocean-To-Atmosphere Flux of Carbon Monoxide

Carbon monoxide (CO) in the surface sea waters is produced predominantly by photochemical processes, oxidized by micro-organisms and outgassed to the atmosphere. to assess carbon monoxide flux from the oceans to the atmosphere, the photochemical production and microbial oxidation of carbon monoxide in the oceanic mixed-layer was investigated during several oeanographic cruises and in the laboratory. the photoproduction rate of carbon monoxide was found to be well correlated to the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in coastal and open ocean surface waters. Taking a global average carbon monoxide production rate of 10 ± 2 nmole litre^-1 (mg DOC hr)^-1 in the surface open ocean water, and 25 ± 7 nmole litre^-1 (mg DOC hr)^-1 in coastal sea water, at cloud-free summer solar noon, the photochemical production of carbon monoxide in the global oceans is estimated to be at a rate of 1200 ± 200 Tg CO y^-1. the microbial carbon monoxide turnover time in the mixed-layer was observed to range from hours in a coastal estuary to 16 days in the Pacific along 1057deg; W in dark incubations. Natural sunlight can largely inhibit the microbial consumption of carbon monoxide in surface water. On a global scale, microbial consumption is responsible for the loss of less than 10% of photochemical produced carbon monoxide in the surface ocean. Field measurements have shown that the net transport of carbon monoxide from the euphotic zone to the underlying deeper ocean water is limited and that the overall life time in surface sea waters is less than 3-4 hours. When combined, these field measurements with the photoproduction and microbial consumption rates obtained, we estimate the oceanic flux to the atmosphere is about 1000 ± 200 Tg CO y^-1, which represents the largest single source of atmospheric carbon monoxide.     

Photogeneration of hydroxyl radical in Fe(III)-citrate-oxalate system for the degradation of fluconazole: mechanism and products

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The photochemical role of Fe(III)-citrate complex is significant in natural waters due to its ubiquitous existence and excellent photoreactivity at...     

氧化塘中溶解氧浓度与光照强度关系的试验研究

通过室内实验,主要研究了氧化塘中不同表面照度下光照强度沿深度的分布,溶解氧浓度沿深度的分布,以及光照强度与溶解氧浓度的相互关系,并且对试验柱中藻类密度和溶解氧浓度的分布曲线进行了分析,目的是为氧化塘室内模型试验的照度选择和池深设计提供科学依据。      

人工湿地中基质与植物对污染物去除效率的影响

针对太湖五里湖富营养化水体,采用中试规模的人工湿地现场实验开展了不同基质、不同植物的污染物去除效果研究。基质采用炉渣和沸石2种,在一个湿地池种植单一植物茭白,另一个湿地池种植鸢尾＋菖蒲混合植物,同时构建了无植物的对照组湿地。研究表明：（1）在运行初期,沸石和炉渣2种基质对TN、TP的去除率差异为12.5%和12.6%,吸附饱和后,2种基质对TN和TP的去除率差异缩小为3.2%和6.1%,从长期运行来看,炉渣和沸石2种基质在人工湿地中的去除效率差异将减小;（2）茭白单一植物湿地对污染物的去除率与鸢尾＋菖蒲混合植物湿地对污染物的去除率两者之间差异不大;（3）人工湿地种植植物后对TN、TP的去除率比无植物状态时分别高出13.6%和19.5%,植物在人工湿地中对污染物的去除发挥了重要作用;（4）在本试验条件下,茭白吸收所去除的氮数量为湿地氮总去除量的8.95%,茭白吸收去除磷的数量为湿地磷总去除量的20.16%,在人工湿地中,茭白吸收对磷的去除效率比对氮的去除效率高。     

活性炭在不同浓度NaNO_3溶液中对硝基苯的吸附

研究了活性炭在不同浓度NaNO3溶液中对硝基苯的吸附行为,着重考察活性炭对硝基苯的吸附规律。结果表明,活性炭对硝基苯的吸附量大、吸附速度快,其吸附动力学可以用Lagergren伪二级速率方程很好拟合,吸附过程是双速过程;活性炭对硝基苯的吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附等温式;不同浓度NaNO3溶液,对活性炭吸附硝基苯有很大影响。吸附动力学和吸附等温线实验均表明在低浓度和高浓度的NaNO3溶液中,活性炭对硝基苯的吸附量小于其在无NaNO3溶液中对硝基苯的吸附量,而在中等浓度的NaNO3溶液中,活性炭对硝基苯的吸附量大于其在无NaNO3溶液中对硝基苯的吸附量。     

MBR与MBBR工艺处理玉米深加工废水的对比分析

对比分析MBR和MBBR工艺对玉米深加工废水的处理效果及系统稳定运行能力。结果表明,2个工艺对COD、NH4+-N、TN平均去除率分别为93.6%、85.8%,91.5%、80.1%,43.8%、41.3%,MBR工艺污染物去除能力优于MBBR,具有更为稳定良好的出水水质;试验期间,MBR工艺COD、NH4+-N去除率基本稳定在80%以上,系统有机负荷及氨氮负荷波动范围小于MBBR,表现出较强的耐冲击负荷能力。结果还显示,工艺进水COD/NH4+-N浓度增加,将对NH4+-N去除产生不利影响。     

Light-induced formation of hydroxyl radicals in fog waters determined by an authentic fog constituent,hydroxymethanesulfonate

The determination of the photo-production rate of hydroxyl radical (OH) in atmospheric liquids is of fundamental importance to an understanding of atmospheric aquatic chemistry. Recently, several studies have been performed to examine the photo-chemical formation rate of OH in cloud and fog waters using a free radical quenching technique with addition of a relatively large concentration of organic compounds as an OH scavenger. The addition of free-radical scavenger chemicals may significantly alter the nature of the sample water and its OH production rate. In this paper, an authentic constituent, hydroxymethanesulfonate, is proposed as a free radical probe for the measurement of photo-chemical generation rate of OH in fog water. At 313 nm, an apparent quantum yield for the production of OH in a fog water was found to be 0.012+/-0.001, indicating that aqueous-phase photo-chemical processes could represent a significant and may be a dominant source of OH in atmospheric liquids.