亚临界水中聚酰亚胺的解聚及其单体稳定性的研究

利用间歇式高压反应装置研究了高性能聚合物聚酰亚胺（PI）在亚临界水中的解聚情况.同时,采用气-质联谱（GC-MS）、反相高效液相色谱（HPLC）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）等方法对解聚产物进行定性定量分析,确定解聚产物主要为4,4＇-二苯醚二甲酸、4,4＇-二氨基二苯醚（4,4＇-ODA）、苯胺和对苯二酚.在350℃...     

Stable isotopic characteristics of precipitation related to the environmental controlling factors in Ningbo,East China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) in precipitation were analysed from June 2018 to May 2020 in Ningbo and were influenced...     

Quantifying nitrate sources in a large reservoir for drinking water by using stable isotopes and a Bayesian isotope mixing model

Drinking water reservoirs are threatened globally by anthropogenic nitrogen pollution. Hydrochemistry and isotopes were analyzed to identify spatial and temporal varieties of main nitrate sources in a large drinking water reservoir in East China. The results showed that NO₃^? was the main nitrogen form in both the dry and wet seasons, but dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was increased in the wet season. The δ¹⁵N-NO₃^? values (+?1.3‰ to +?11.8‰) and δ¹⁸O-NO₃^? values (+?2.5‰ to +?13.5‰), combined with principal component analysis (PCA), indicated that chemical fertilizer was the main nitrate source during the dry season, while chemical fertilizer, soil N, and sewage/manure were the main nitrate sources during the wet season in the Qiandao Lake area. And, the nitrate isotopes showed the significant nitrification and assimilation in the Qiandao Lake area. A Bayesian isotopic mixing model (Stable Isotope Analysis in R) was applied to the spatial and seasonal trends in the proportional contribution of four NO₃^? sources (chemical fertilizer (CF), soil nitrogen (SN), sewage and manure (SM), and atmospheric deposition (AD)) in the Qiandao Lake area. It was revealed that CF was the most important nitrate source in the dry season, accounting for 53.4% with 19.2% of SM and 18.9% of SN, while the contribution of SN increased in the wet season, accounting for 31.6%, followed by CF (30.8%) and then SM (24.2%). The main nitrate sources in the urban area, rural area, and central lake area were CF and SN, accounting for 66.1% in the urban area, 71.7% in the rural area, and 68.2% in the central lake area. Measures should be made to improve chemical fertilizer use efficiency and to reduce nitrogen loss in the Qiandao Lake area.

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Experimental study on pressurized activated sludge process for high concentration pesticide wastewater

Pressurized biochemical process derived from traditional activated sludge processes is an innovative technology for wastewater treatment. The main advantage of the pressurized process is that the oxygen transfer barrier can be overcome by increasing the dissolved oxygen level. In this study, high concentration pesticide wastewater was treated by pressurized activated sludge process. It was found that the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) increased steadily with the increase of operating pressure, aeration time, and sludge concentration. When the operation pressure was 0.30 MPa and the aeration time was 6 hr, 85.0%–92.5% COD, corresponding to an effluent COD of 230–370 mg/L, was removed from an influent COD of 2500–5000 mg/L. The obtained outlet COD concentration was lower than 350–450 mg/L for the identical process operated under the atmospheric pressure. In addition, pressurized biochemical process could produce a higher COD volumetric loading rate at 5.8–7.6 kg COD/(m3·day), compared with 2.0–2.8 kg COD/(m3·day) using the same equipment at the atmospheric pressure. The COD concentration followed a modified Monod model with Vmax 2.31 day-1 and KS 487 mg/L.     

氮同位素方法在地下水氮污染源识别中的应用

地下水硝酸盐来源复杂多样.介绍了用15N/14N的方法(N同位素方法)分析辨明污染物来源.氮污染源不同,氮同位素值(δ15N值)也就不同.例如:雨水的δ15N值偏低,为-1.08%～0.21%;生活排水的δ15N值偏高,为1.0%～1.7%.污染源不同,受污染的地下水的δ15N值也不同,据此能有效地判断地下水硝酸盐的来源.