经济全球化背景下中国环境问题及应对策略

文章从经济全球化的定义出发,论述了全球化使中国环境问题变成了世界的环境问题,因为中国的环境问题是由世界造成的,同时中国的环境问题也影响到世界.要从根本上解决中国环境问题,必须树立科学发展观,促进创新型国家的建设,重视对外贸易中的环境问题,严防国外环境污染向国内转移.     

Interspecific competition effects on phosphorus accumulation by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans

The competition between submersed plants has been recognized as an important factor influencing the structure of plant communities in shallow lakes. The ability of different species to take up and store nutrients from the surrounding ambience varies, and hence plant community structure might be expected to affect the cycling of nutrients in lake ecosystems. In this study, the uptake of phosphorus by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans was studied and compared in monoculture and competitive mixed-culture plantings. Results showed that for both studied species the phosphorus concentrations of different tissues and of whole plants was unaffected by competition. However, the quantity of phosphorus accumulated by whole plants of H. verticillata was significantly higher in mixture culture than in monoculture, while that of V. natans was lower in the mixed culture. The results indicated that H. verticillata has a competitive advantage over V. natans, when the two species are grown in competition, and is able to accumulate a greater quantity of phosphorus.     

煤热解废水典型工艺流程中芳香化合物的降解特性

选取河南某低阶煤热解废水处理典型工艺流程为研究对象,探讨了各单元对芳香化合物的降解特性。通过降解效能对比发现,SBR工艺对酚类(96.13%)和氮杂环类化合物(78.13%)的降解能力最高,故其为芳香化合物降解的核心单元。通过凝胶色谱、紫外-可见光光谱和三维荧光光谱对全流程废水特性的表征,推测出其分子质量在3 kDa左右,荧光峰在Ex/Em=(300～370) nm/(400～450) nm的腐殖酸物质是煤热解废水关键的难生化物质。各单元的统计分析结果表明,废水处理效果不佳的原因在于酸化、气浮、好氧及强氧化单元。在此基础上,根据最新研究结果和成功案例对现有工艺提出了针对性改进方案。以上结果可为类似的废水处理工程提供参考。     

几种医疗垃圾处理技术综述

医疗废物是一类危害极大的特殊废物。自20世纪50年代起,医疗废物的处理已引起世界各国的广泛重视。目前,国内外学者对医疗废物处理技术的研究日益丰富,已经取得了一定的研究成果。在此基础上,通过综合比较焚烧处理、高压蒸汽灭菌处理、化学处理、微波处理、热解处理等几种医疗废物处理技术,综合评定了各种处理工艺的技术参数及优缺点,最后比较分析得出了高温热解法具有多方面的优点,是目前国内外首推的医疗废物处理技术。     

安全工程产、学、研实践基地建设

近十年来,安全工程专业在我国发展非常迅速,截至2007年开办安全工程本科专业的高等院校已经增加到86所,全国安全工程专业本科招生人数达5000名左右。一方面是因为国家注重生产事故对社会带来的危害和损失,加大力度促进安全学科的发展;另一方面由于人民安全整体素质的提高,     

近十年我国人机工程学应用研究进展

借助维普《中文科技期刊数据库》,按照不同的学科门类、发表的年限以及人机工程学的研究内容,对1994～2003年国内近4000种主要刊物上发表的有关人机工程学应用研究方面的论文进行全面检索和统计,在此基础上分析我国人机工程应用研究的进展情况。     

沉积物再悬浮对沉水植物生长的影响研究

通过室内模拟实验,研究了沉积物再悬浮对苦草(Vallisneria natans)和马来眼子菜(Potomogeton malaianus)2种沉水植物生长的影响.为期10周的实验发现,有沉积物再悬浮的处理组中,苦草的生物量显著低于对照组中(没有沉积物再悬浮)苦草的生物量;同样,沉积物再悬浮对苦草的分蘖和块茎数也产生了明显的影响;马来眼子菜的生物量和分蘖数同样受到了沉积物再悬浮的影响,但影响程度小于苦草.因此,沉积物再悬浮对沉水植物的生长、繁殖具有的抑制作用,但这种作用因种类不同而有所差异.     

太湖沉水和浮叶植被及其水环境效应研究

运用GPS定位技术和常规采样方法,于2004年5月和9月对太湖沉水植物与浮叶植物的种类、群落类型、生物量及其水质状况进行了调查。结果表明:沉水植物与浮叶植物是太湖水生植被的主要类型,沉水植物群落类型主要有6个:微齿眼子菜群落;马来眼子菜群落;伊乐藻群落,穗花狐尾藻群落,金鱼藻群落,苦草群落;浮叶植物群落类型主要有3个:莕菜群落,金银莲花群落,菱群落。在春季,沉水植物占绝对优势,在夏秋季,浮叶植物则逐渐发展,尤其以莕菜生长最快。通过对有草区和无草区水质的比较,发现水生植被能显著提高水体的透明度、降低营养盐浓度和叶绿素含量,改善水质。     

Kinetic study of the removal of dimethyl phthalate from an aqueous solution using an anion exchange resin

Phthalate acid esters are becoming an important class of pollutants in wastewaters. This study addresses the kinetics of removal of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) using the anion exchange resin D201-OH from an aqueous solution. The effects of various factors on the removal rate and efficiency were investigated. An overall initial removal rate (OIRR) law and a pseudo first-order kinetic (PFOK) model were also developed. The internal diffusion of DMP within the resin phase of D201-OH is the rate-controlling step. Optimization of the particle size and pore structure of the resin D201-OH, the DMP concentration, and the reaction temperature can improve the DMP removal rate. The hydrolysis reaction of DMP catalyzed by D201-OH indicates an overall reaction order of 1.76, a value that is between the first order and the second order. The apparent activation energy of the reaction is 34.6 kJ/mol, which is below the homogeneous alkaline hydrolysis activation energy of 44.3 kJ/mol. The OIRR law can quantify the initial removal rate under different conditions. The results also show that the theoretical DMP removal efficiency predicted by the PFOK model agrees well with the experimentally determined values. Our research provides valuable insights into the primary parameters influencing the kinetic process, which enables a focused improvement in the removal or hydrolysis rate for similar processes.     

灰色关联分析在安全投资方案选择中的探讨

介绍了灰色关联分析的基本思想和分析步骤，在论述了安全投资的基本内涵及构成的基础上，采用灰色关联分析计算灰色关联度，并由其确定权重的客观多目标的决策方法，最终得出最合理的安全投资方案。通过实例分析，说明了此方法在安全投资方案选择上的科学性和实用性。