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Organic dairy production has exhibited potential for growth in the United States dairy sector. However, little information is available on whether there is any difference in manure composition and quality between organic (OD) and conventional (CD) dairy manure even though the composition and quality are important parameters with respect to availability, utilization, and cycling of manure nutrients and environmental impact evaluation. We comparatively characterized whole and water-extracted materials of 15 OD and seven CD dairy manure samples by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and fluorescence spectroscopies. Fourier transform infrared features of manure organic matter varied mainly in the 1650 to 1550 cm range, reflecting the presence of different N compounds in these manure samples. Fluorescence data revealed five fluorophore components present in the water-extracted organic matter from the manures. We found no clearly distinct value ranges in whole and water-extractable organic matter between the two types of dairy manure with respect to C and N contents and FT-IR and fluorescence spectral features. However, based on the average values, we observed general pattern differences on the effect of organic farming on the manure composition: OD contained less soluble C and N compounds on dry weight basis but more hydrophobic aliphatic groups in whole manure. The soluble organic matter in OD samples contained more stable humic- and lignin-related components and less amino/protein N-related components based on their spectroscopic features. These differences might be attributed to more forage feedstuffs in organic dairy farming management and more protein additives in conventional dairy feedstuffs. Information from this work may be useful in aiding organic dairy farmers in making manure management decisions. 相似文献
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X. Fu J. Tabata T. Takanashi S. Ohno S. Tatsuki Y. Ishikawa Y. Huang H. Honda 《Chemoecology》2004,14(3-4):175-180
Summary. The sex pheromone of Ostrinia orientalis
(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) was analyzed by gas chromatography–electroantennographic detection (GC–EAD), GC–mass spectrometry and a series of bioassays. Three EAD-active
compounds were detected in the female sex pheromone
gland extract, and identified as tetradecyl acetate (14:OAc),
(Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc) and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:OAc). The titers (ratio) of 14:OAc, Z11-14:OAc and
E11-14:OAc in 3-day-old virgin
females were 0.49 ng (10), 4.86 ng (98) and 0.10 ng (2),
respectively. In a wind-tunnel bioassay, the 98:2 blend of
Z11- and E11-14:OAc, but not Z11-14:OAc alone, elicited
the same male behavioral responses as virgin females and
crude gland extracts. 14:OAc was inactive by itself, and did
not show any synergistic effect on the binary blend.
Field trapping experiments also confirmed the attractiveness
of the binary blend to O. orientalis
males. Based on
these results, we concluded that the sex pheromone of
O. orientalis
is a 98:2 mixture of Z11-14:OAc and
E11-14:OAc. This sex pheromone is very similar to that of the Z-type European corn borer,
O. nubilalis. The present
finding raises the question of whether O. orientalis
, which is indistinguishable from O. nubilalis
based on external morphology,
is a biologically distinct species independent from
O. nubilalis. 相似文献
4.
The first example of a ruthenium sensitizer (TUS-22) having a natural dye, bisdemethoxycurcumin, as a ligand has been synthesized. The dye-sensitized solar cell based on this novel dye showed 5.8% conversion efficiency under AM 1.5 (100 mW/cm2) irradiation. 相似文献
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Hironobu Sugiyama 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1996,32(3):491-497
ABSTRACT: It is important to extract and assess low flow recession characteristics for water resources planning in the upper reaches of streams. However, it is very difficult to express synthetically the low flow recession characteristics for a stream flow. In this paper, first a new method of constructing the master recession curve based on the exponential expression is proposed and applied with the restriction that there are no regulation or diversion structures in the upper reaches above the measurement station. Daily precipitation and stream flow were used for the analysis. Second, analysis for a recession constant was conducted and the relationship between the recession constant and low flow and/or geology was qualitatively examined. In conclusion, the application of the proposed method indicated that it is objective and useful for constructing the master recession curve. It became apparent that the recession constant of a master recession curve may be defined as the total index of low flow characteristics. In addition, it was found that baseflow value increases in the order of Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Tertiary, and Quaternary. 相似文献
6.
Sakai K Kamijima M Shibata E Ohno H Nakajima T 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2006,8(11):1122-1128
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol is a possibly causative chemical in sick building symptoms, although 2-ethyl-1-hexanol has received little attention as a hazardous substance in studies on indoor air pollution. Airborne 2-ethyl-1-hexanol concentrations were measured from 2002 to 2004 in 99 rooms of 42 non-domestic buildings in Nagoya, Japan. The diffusive sampling method is effective for the measurement of a low level of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol in indoor air. The geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol concentrations was 16.5 (5.4) microg m(-3) in indoor air and 1.9 (2.2) microg m(-3) in outdoor air. The maximum concentration of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol in indoor air and outdoor air was 2709 microg m(-3) and 12.4 microg m(-3), respectively. Fewer rooms in a small number of new buildings showed high concentrations of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, while low concentrations were observed in many rooms of these buildings as well as the other new buildings. The room-to-room concentrations of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol in each building exhibited a wide variation. The geometric mean of the 2-ethyl-1-hexanol concentrations was significantly higher for indoor air than for outdoor air (p < 0.01). The correlation of the 2-ethyl-1-hexanol concentrations between indoor and outdoor air was not significant. Mechanical ventilation was effective in the temporary reduction of indoor 2-ethyl-1-hexanol level. These results suggest that the predominant source of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol was indoor areas. 相似文献
7.
Andrew C. Whitaker Hironobu Sugiyama Kaichi Hayakawa 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(4):814-828
Abstract: Hydrologic monitoring in a small forested and mountainous headwater basin in Niigata Prefecture has been undertaken since 2000. An important characteristic of the basin is that the hydrologic regime contains pluvial elements year‐round, including rain‐on‐snow, in addition to spring snowmelt. We evaluated the effect of different snow cover conditions on the hydrologic regime by analyzing observed data in conjunction with model simulations of the snowpack. A degree‐day snow model is presented and applied to the study basin to enable estimation of the basin average snow water equivalent using air temperature at three representative elevations. Analysis of hydrological time series data and master recession curves showed that flow during the snowmelt season was generated by a combination of ground water flow having a recession constant of 0.018/day and diurnal melt water flow having a recession constant of 0.015/hour. Daily flows during the winter/snowmelt season showed greater persistence than daily flows during the warm season. The seasonal water balance indicated that the ratio of runoff to precipitation during the cold season (December to May) was about 90% every year. Seasonal snowpack plays an important role in defining the hydrologic regime, with winter precipitation and snowmelt runoff contributing about 65% of the annual runoff. The timing of the snowmelt season, indicated by the date of occurrence of the first significant snowmelt event, was correlated with the occurrence of low flow events. Model simulations showed that basin average snow water equivalent reached a peak around mid‐February to mid‐March, although further validation of the model is required at high elevation sites. 相似文献
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Ueda Hiroyuki Fukuta Rino Ohno Tomoki Moriyama Akihiro Himaki Takehiro Iwahashi Hitoshi Moritomi Hiroshi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(3):1071-1080
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are used as structural materials in the aircraft and automotive industries owing to their lightweight and... 相似文献
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Takeshi Miyazaki Ryu Ohtani Taichi Ohno Tsuyoshi Takasugi Toshihiro Yamada 《Disasters》2019,43(1):181-205
This paper evaluates the mitigation effect of Tokai earthquake measures on housing damage using a counterfactual approach. It focuses on those measures that stimulate ex‐ante investment in disaster prevention in the supposedly affected area, including earthquake‐proof retrofitting and improved housing construction; the effect of the measures on housing losses is estimated monetarily. The study compares factual disaster damage computed using a real distribution of houses with counterfactual damage to a hypothetical housing distribution that would occur if the measures were not implemented. The key findings are: (i) the disaster mitigation effects of Tokai earthquake measures on housing amount to approximately JPY 18 billion (USD 0.18 billion) for Yamanashi Prefecture and JPY 0.26 trillion (USD 2.6 billion) for Shizuoka Prefecture, which would be at the centre of the event; (ii) a before–after comparison biases estimates of the mitigation effect; and (iii) statistically, the measures do not mitigate the housing damage predicted for an earthquake in Tokai. 相似文献
10.
Hanaoka K Ohno H Wada N Ueno S Goessler W Kuehnelt D Schlagenhaufen C Kaise T Irgolic KJ 《Chemosphere》2001,44(4):743-749
Water-soluble arsenic compound fractions were extracted from seven species of jellyfishes and subjected to analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) for arsenicals. A low content of arsenic was found to be the characteristic of jellyfish. Arsenobetaine (AB) was the major arsenic compound without exception in the tissues of the jellyfish species and mucus-blobs collected from some of them. Although the arsenic content in Beroe cucumis, which preys on Bolinopsis mikado, was more than 13 times that in B. mikado, the chromatograms of these two species were similar in the distribution pattern of arsenicals. The nine species of jellyfishes including two species treated in the previous paper can be classified into arsenocholine (AC)-rich and AC-poor species. Jellyfishes belonging to Semaostamae were classified as AC-rich species. 相似文献