How aerosol direct effects influence the source contributions to PM2.5 concentrations over Southern Hebei,China in severe winter haze episodes

The aerosol direct effects result in a 3%–9% increase in PM_2.5 concentrations over Southern Hebei. These impacts are substantially different under different PM_2.5 loadings. Industrial and domestic contributions will be underestimated if ignoring the feedbacks. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area is the most air polluted region in China and the three neighborhood southern Hebei cities, Shijiazhuang, Xingtai, and Handan, are listed in the top ten polluted cities with severe PM_2.5 pollution. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of aerosol direct effects on air quality over the southern Hebei cities, as well as the impacts when considering those effects on source apportionment using three dimensional air quality models. The WRF/Chem model was applied over the East Asia and northern China at 36 and 12 km horizontal grid resolutions, respectively, for the period of January 2013, with two sets of simulations with or without aerosol-meteorology feedbacks. The source contributions of power plants, industrial, domestic, transportation, and agriculture are evaluated using the Brute-Force Method (BFM) under the two simulation configurations. Our results indicate that, although the increases in PM_2.5 concentrations due to those effects over the three southern Hebei cities are only 3%–9% on montly average, they are much more significant under high PM_2.5 loadings (~50 μg·m⁻³ when PM_2.5 concentrations are higher than 400 μg m⁻³). When considering the aerosol feedbacks, the contributions of industrial and domestic sources assessed using the BFM will obviously increase (e.g., from 30%–34% to 32%–37% for industrial), especially under high PM_2.5 loadings (e.g., from 36%–44% to 43%–47% for domestic when PM_2.5>400 μg·m⁻³). Our results imply that the aerosol direct effects should not be ignored during severe pollution episodes, especially in short-term source apportionment using the BFM.     

基于组合权重-可拓物元的脚手架施工风险安全评价

为提高脚手架施工过程的安全性,减少脚手架事故给作业人员造成的生命财产损失,根据脚手架特有的结构形式、搭设特点、作业环境构建评价指标体系,引入AHP-熵权法和可拓物元理论,构建脚手架施工安全风险因素综合评价模型;将该模型用于西安市某脚手架工程进行实例验证,得出该脚手架工程在施工过程中的不足,得到的评价结果与实际情况相符,表明可拓物元模型的评价结果真实可靠,对脚手架工程安全管理具有参考价值。     

桂东地区地热水中氟的分布及其富集过程研究

为查明桂东地区地热水中氟的分布规律及其富集过程,对桂东地区典型高氟地热水分布区27件地热水样品进行水化学特征及其水文地球化学作用分析.结果表明:高氟地热水主要分布在桂东地区东北部区域,F浓度(指质量浓度)最高可达17.1 mg/L;高氟地热水以Ca-HCO3型或Na-HCO3型偏碱性水为主,水温为26.7～83.4℃,平均水温为46.0℃,TDS普遍低于1 g/L,属于低矿化度低温地热水;地热水中高浓度F-主要来源于花岗岩中萤石、铝硅酸盐等含氟矿物的溶解;利用PHREEQC软件模拟计算地热水中萤石(CaF2)和方解石(CaCO3)矿物饱和指数结果表明,地热水中CaCO3全为过饱和状态,而CaF2饱和指数随地热水中F含量的增加而逐渐升高,由不饱和逐渐达到过饱和状态,当水温较高时,含氟矿物溶解释放F-进入水相中,同时溶解进入地热水中的Ca2+与围岩表面吸附的Na+发生了离子交换作用,使地热水中Na+大量富集,并降低水相中Ca2+含量,从而促使CaF2矿物的溶解,增加地热水中F-含量,形成高氟地热水.     

Phytoremediation of contaminants of emerging concern from soil with industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): a review

Environment, Development and Sustainability - The presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in wastewater treatment plant effluents is a significant underlying health risk and...     

聊城市新农村建设中的生态文明意识调查分析与评价研究

生态文明意识是建设社会主义生态文明的源动力和前提条件。以山东省聊城市为例,对8个县市区的20个社会主义新农村试点村和19个对照村进行了生态文明意识调查。调查内容包括生态文明认知度、农民环保态度、生态文明行为现状及生态文明建设的评价与期望四个部分。调查结果表明,与全省平均水平相比,聊城市社会主义新农村试点村申农民生态文明认知度有所提高,对照村处于较低水平。村民个体的社会主义新农村建设中的生态文明意识仍有待进一步提高。     

邯郸市PM_(2.5)中水溶性无机离子污染特征及来源解析

本研究通过对邯郸市环境空气中PM2.5样本进行采集和成分检测,分析了该地区PM2.5中水溶性无机离子的污染特征,并结合气象要素(风速、温度)、气态污染物(O3、NO2、SO2、CO)、SOR(硫氧化率)、NOR(氮氧化率)对其主要来源进行了解析.研究结果表明:总水溶性无机离子(TWSII)浓度季节变化特征明显,秋、冬季高于春、夏季.SO2-4、NO-3、NH+4是PM2.5中主要的水溶性无机离子,在TWSII中所占的比例为夏(93.2%)冬(85.6%)秋(85.5%)春(84.0%).春、夏、秋三季PM2.5呈酸性,冬季显碱性.此外还分析得到,SO2-4在四季中均以(NH4)2SO4的形式存在.NO-3在冬季以NH4NO3的形式存在,其余季节中以NH4NO3、HNO3等共存.绝大部分Cl-在冬季以NH4Cl的形式存在,其它季节中以NH4Cl、KCl等的形式存在.均相反应是SO2-4的主要生成途径,夏、冬季也伴随有非均相反应.NO-3的生成以均相反应为主(春、夏、秋),在冬季均相反应与非均相反应同时存在.应用因子分析法解析出4个主因子,其中,工业、燃煤、交通、生物质燃烧等综合源是PM2.5中水溶性无机离子的主要来源.     

Green energy mismatch,industrial intelligence and economics growth: theory and empirical evidence from China

Environment, Development and Sustainability - With the continuous uptick in world energy consumption, green energy plays an increasingly significant role in alleviating energy depletion and...