长江三峡柑桔的冻害和热害（二）

本文从柑桔冻害和热害的危害因子和指标等级划分的研究和选取入手,着重探讨了长江三峡地区(湖北境内)两害显著的时空变化特征、差异与关联性及对柑桔生产的影响;揭示了80年代以来冬暖春热的重大气候变化是使两害向“两极分化”的根本原因;讨论了三峡水利工程对两害时空格局的可能调整及减灾原理;最后提出了可能的对策。     

Adsorption of 17β-estradiol from aqueous solution by raw and direct/pre/post-KOH treated lotus seedpod biochar

Five biochars derived from lotus seedpod(LSP) were applied to examine and compare the adsorption capacity of 17β-estradiol(E2) from aqueous solution.The effect of KOH activation and the order of activation steps on material properties were discussed.The effect of contact time,initial concentration,p H,ionic strength and humic acid on E2 adsorption were investigated in a batch adsorption process.Experimental results demonstrated that the pseudo second-order model fitted the experimental data best and that adsorption equilibrium was reached within 20 hr.The efficiency of E2 removal increased with increasing E2 concentration and decreased with the increase of ionic strength.E2 adsorption on LSP-derived biochar(BCs) was influenced little by humic acid,and slightly affected by the solution p H when its value ranged from 4.0 to 9.0,but considerably affected at p H 10.0.Low environmental temperature is favorable for E2 adsorption.Chemisorption,π–π interactions,monolayer adsorption and electrostatic interaction are the possible adsorption mechanisms.Comparative studies indicated that KOH activation and the order of activation steps had significant impacts on the material.Post-treated biochar exhibited better adsorption capacity for E2 than direct treated,pretreated,and raw LSP biochar.Pyrolyzed biochar at higher temperature improved E2 removal.The excellent performance of BCs in removing E2 suggested that BCs have potential in E2 treatment and that the biochar directly treated by KOH would be a good choice for the treatment of E2 in aqueous solution,with its advantages of good efficiency and simple technology.     

好氧颗粒污泥对有机物吸附类型的研究

为探索好氧颗粒污泥对有机物的去除机制,进行好氧颗粒污泥对有机物的吸附性能及吸附类型研究,在实验室条件下,采用动态吸附方式,利用SBAR反应器分析好氧颗粒污泥对有机物的去除情况。结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥存在初期吸附作用,最佳吸附时间为30~45 min,COD去处率60%;通过对失活前后好氧颗粒污泥对有机物吸附性能测定以及红外光谱分析,探究好氧颗粒污泥对有机物的吸附类型,表明好氧颗粒污泥对有机物的吸附是一个包含生物吸附和化学吸附的复杂过程。     

奎屯市区城市废水排污系统网络化的探讨

根据奎屯市区城市废水的排放量大、排污口多、污染物浓度高以及排污下水管道污水处理设施的建成现状等特点，提出了以污水处理厂为治理中心，市区排污管道网络化的改造设想、存在问题及对策。     

正己烷萃取—此外分光光度法测定矿井水中微量油

在进行矿井水中油类分析时，用正己烷作为萃取剂，以工作曲线代替标准曲线，从而使油平均回收率增加到96％以上。并在正己烷用量、水样预处理等测试参数选择上做了条件试验。     

Landscape structure and land uese on county level in northeastern Yunnan Province of China—a case study of Huize County

Taking Huize County as an example, the paper analyzed the landscape structure(landscape element structure, landscape type structure, landscape spatial structure, landscape succession structure) and the relations between landscape structure and land use. It was pointed out that the agriculture should be developed in harmony with the landscape structure in the study area.     

镉对鲤鱼磷酸酶活性的影响

研究了重金属镉对鲤鱼明脏，肝胰脏，肠，血液等组织酸性磷酸酶（ACP）和碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性的影响，结果表明，受水中16mg/L影响，肝胰脏的ACP活性显著升高；肾脏的ACP的活性在32mg/L组显著降低；血液的ACP活性在16mg/L,32mg/L组均显著降低，肠道的ACP活性在8mg/L,16mg/L,32mg/L 3种浓度下影响均不明显，肾脏，肠道的AKP活性在16mg/L组显著降低，在31mg/L组极显著降低，体外试验表明，镉能直接抑制AKP的活性，而对ACP不产生直接影响。     

黑龙江省土地沙漠化控制作用重要性评价

根据黑龙江省沙漠化现状和评价方法与指标对黑龙江省的生态系统进行沙漠化控制作用重要性评价,评价结果将黑龙江省沙漠化控制重要地区分为4级,即极重要、中等重要、比较重要和一般重要四个级别,确定了它们的分布区域.这一成果为黑龙江省生态功能区划和区域可持续发展奠定了基础,提供了科学依据.     

砖瓦厂含氟废气的治理

通过实验选取了一种固氟剂添加到砖坯中后，砖块的存氟率为９１０％，烟道气总氟排放降低率为７６７８％。连续五年的生物检测试验，没有发生任何家蚕氟中毒现象。固氟剂的应用为砖厂含氟废气的治理提供了一条新的途径     

特稠油污水处理技术研究

采用自己研究的药剂对辽河油田稠油污水进行破乳和净水试验，找出了主要影响因素，确定了处理工艺的操作条件。结果表明，使用破乳剂DI，可使油的回收率大于99％；絮凝剂A中添加了收缩絮体的化学药剂和B之后作为净水剂，使积杂量小于5％（体积比）。同时，处理后的水完全达到辽河油田要求的指标，即油含量小于5mg/L，积杂量小于15mg/L。