光/电法氨氮降解过程中协同作用的研究

为了研究光/电法在氨氮降解过程中的协同作用,采用光/电法降解模拟工业循环冷却水中的氨氮,并对氨氮降解过程中的各影响因素进行了研究,考察了氯离子浓度和溶液pH对降解效率的影响。结果表明,与传统的光催化法和电化学法相比,光/电法在氨氮降解过程中存在良好的协同效应,因而具有更高的氨氮去除率,这主要归功于溶液氯离子的促进作用。另外,在酸性条件下,氨氮降解效率得到进一步加强。当pH在4~5之间,电流密度为10 mA/cm2,NaCl浓度为100 mg/L时,在经过90 min光/电法处理后氨氮去除率高达95%,且N2占总氨氮降解产物的84.2%。     

太湖西山碧螺春茶园重金属含量分布与评价

对太湖西山碧螺春茶园典型坡地土壤重金属Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr和Cu含量进行测定,探讨坡度、土地利用等自然地理特征对土壤重金属元素分布的影响,并对照NY 5199-2002有机茶产地环境条件中给出的有机茶园土壤环境质量标准和GB 15618-1995土壤环境质量二级标准对茶园土壤重金属污染状况进行分析与评价.结果表明,除Hg以外,其他重金属元素均达到有机茶园土壤环境质量标准.以有机茶园土壤环境质量标准为评价依据,碧螺春茶园土壤重金属综合污染指数为0.78,表明其重金属污染水平为尚清洁,污染等级为警戒级,主要污染物为Hg.     

Analyzing and quantitatively evaluating the organic matter source at different ecologic zones of tidal salt marsh, North Jiangsu Province, China

In order to explore the effect of different ecological zones and their above plants in the organic matter cycling of the whole tidal salt marsh, indicators such as total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio, δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N of surface, core sediments, and plants of tidal salt marshes in North Jiangsu Province are analyzed. Subsequently, distribution regularities of these measurement indicators are discussed, and the biogeochemistry processes between sediments and plants are also analyzed. Lastly, the organic matter sources of different ecologic zones in tidal salt marsh are evaluated, and the organic matter accumulations in different ecologic zones induced by their plants are also compared. These results indicate that TOC, TN, C/N ratio and δ¹³C showed obvious zonal distribution. The organic matter sources are dominated by marine input in the silt flat, artemisia schrenkiana flat, and the transition zone between silt and spartina alterniflora flat, and are controlled by terrigenous input in spartina alterniflora flat. Spartina alterniflora plays an important role in the accumulation of organic matter in the whole tidal salt marshes ecosystem. In the study area, the annually increased TOC, organic matter and TN in the spartina alterniflora, artemisia schrenkiana and reed flats reach 6,451, 12,043 and 536 t, respectively. The amount of TOC, organic matter and TN accumulated in the spartina alterniflora flat is more than that in other ecological zones, which shows that the spartina alterniflora flat exert a non-replaceable effect on the material cycle and exchange in the whole tidal salt marshes ecosystem.     

沉降除藻协同沉积物覆盖对藻华水体甲烷释放的影响

本研究以藻华水体甲烷释放为对象,利用模拟柱培养实验,探究了沉降除藻和沉积物覆盖复合技术对富营养化甲烷释放的影响.结果表明,沉降除藻结合沉积物覆盖处理可有效改善水环境,实现对甲烷释放的控制,但不同覆盖材料的效果存在差异;活性炭效果要优于土壤和沸石.相比于对照体系水体溶解氧(DO)2. 5 mg·L-1和氧化还原电位(ORP)100 m V,沉积物界面ORP -125 m V,沉降除藻协同活性炭覆盖体系中水体DO和ORP分别升高至3. 1 mg·L-1和174 m V,沉积物界面ORP逆转为168 m V,实验期间甲烷释放量相对于对照组减少90. 2%.研究结果在富营养水体甲烷减排方面具有指导性意义.     

大连市大气污染天气特征及污染成因模拟分析

利用大连市2014~2015年地面观测资料、高空地面形势场和2015年12月NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,结合WRF-CMAQ数值模式,对大连市污染天气特征和污染过程的成因进行分析研究.结果表明：2014~2015年大连市共有大气污染日数145d,占20%,大气污染天气过程35个;发生大气污染时的高空形势场主要为槽后脊前的西北气流场,占63%,槽前西南气流场次之,占21%,槽区、脊区各占6%;地面形势场主要表现为风速较小的均压场（68%）和等压线密集风速较大的非均压场（32%）两种气压场.2015年12月出现的5次污染过程中,大气层结均为稳定层结,且近地面水平风速均值较小,对污染物垂直方向和水平方向上的扩散起到抑制作用,导致空气质量恶化;模拟结果发现大连市冬季污染过程中大气气溶胶的的主要成分是硝酸盐、铵盐和硫酸盐等细颗粒物,其中硝酸盐占比最大,且污染过程的增幅最为明显,说明机动车和燃煤排放已对大连市城市污染的形成产生重要影响.     

不同改良物质添加对滨海盐碱地土壤重金属及酶活性的影响

改良物质添加在改善土壤理化性质的同时也可能会导致土壤重金属累积.实验设置了对照（CK）、有机肥（OM）、聚丙烯酰胺+有机肥（PAM+OM）、秸秆覆盖+有机肥（SM+OM）、秸秆深埋+有机肥（BS+OM）和生物菌肥+有机肥（BM+OM）共6个处理方式,研究不同改良物质添加对滨海盐碱地土壤重金属和土壤酶活性的影响,以及二者之间的关系.结果表明,与CK处理相比,不同处理下土壤Cr、Cu、Ni和Pb含量呈现上升趋势,其中SM+OM和PAM+OM处理分别对Cr和Cu含量的影响最为显著,而BM+OM处理对Ni和Pb含量影响最为显著.与CK处理相比,改良物质添加后土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性显著上升,其中BM+OM处理效果最好;碱性磷酸酶活性呈现上升趋势,但上升程度较小;过氧化氢酶活性无显著变化.冗余分析表明前两轴累积可解释酶活性变异特征的70.3%,单一重金属对土壤酶活性影响的重要性大小依次为：Ni>Cu>Cr>Pb.     

南京市溧水区大气挥发性有机物污染特征及来源解析

为了解南京市溧水区大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)的组分、来源及其对臭氧的贡献,2021年对区域内VOCs开展了为期1 a的走航监测,进行数据分析.结果表明,溧水区ρ(TVOC)年均值为223.45μg·m^-3,其中ρ(烷烃)为49.45μg·m^-3(占比22.13%),ρ[含氧(氮)VOCs]为50.63μg·m^-3(占比22.66%),ρ(卤代烃)为64.73μg·m^-3(占比28.95%),ρ(芳香烃)为35.46μg·m^-3(占比15.87%),ρ(烯烃)为18.26μg·m^-3(占比8.19%),其他为4.9μg·m^-3(占比2.2%).夏季的ρ(TVOC)平均值较高,为263.75μg·m^-3,冬季较低,为187.2μg·m^-3,春季为246.11μg·m^-3,秋季为204.77μg·m^-3.日均TVOC浓度,在09:00～10:00和14...     

Induction of chemotaxis to sodium chloride and diacetyl and thermotaxis defects by microcystin-LR exposure in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Apart from the liver disruption, embryotoxicity and genotoxicity, microcystin (MC)-LR also could cause neurotoxicity. Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was explored as a model to study the neurotoxicity. In the present study, we provided evidence to indicate the neurotoxicity on chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl, and thermotaxis from MC-LR exposure to C. elegans. As a result, higher concentrations of MC-LR caused significantly severe defects of chemotaxis to NaC1 and diacetyl, and thermotaxis. The neurotoxicity on chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl, and thennotaxis from MC-LR exposure might be largely mediated by the damage on the corresponding sensory neurons (ASE, AWA, and AFD) and interneuron AIY. The expression levels of che-1 and odr-7 were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in animals exposed to MC-LR at concentrations lower than 10 μg/L, whereas the expression levels of ttx-1 and ttx-3 could be significantly (P<0.01) lowered in animals even exposed to 1 μg/L of MC-LR. Moreover, both the chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl and the thermotaxis were more significantly reduced m MC-LR exposed mutants of che-1(p674), odr-7(ky4), ttx-1(p767), and ttx-3(ks5) than those in exposed wild-type N2 animals at the same concentrations.     

IMO与船底防污

介绍船底污垢的由来及其影响，防污的沿革，船底防污漆中三丁基锡对海洋环境的危害以及ＩＭＯ采取的措施。     

过硫酸钠缓释胶囊反应带修复苯胺污染地下水

针对有机污染地下水原位化学氧化修复中普遍存在的氧化剂过量使用、污染物反弹和二次污染问题,以苯胺（AN）为特征污染物,以活化过硫酸盐为氧化剂,采用硬脂酸为胶结剂,制备过硫酸钠（PS）和硫酸亚铁（FeSO₄）缓释胶囊,构建基于PS和FeSO₄缓释胶囊的可渗透反应屏障（PS-FeSO₄-PRB）,考查了缓释胶囊组分、地下水流速对PRB中活性物质释放和AN去除的影响.结果表明,当缓释胶囊中活性物质/硬脂酸为1/2,地下水流速为0.1mL/min时,48h后PRB中PS和Fe²⁺累计释放率分别为43.18%和14.98%.当PRB中FeSO₄/PS为1/9时,AN累计去除率达到95.37%,TOC累计去除率为57.07%.采用砂柱模拟AN污染地下水,比较了直接注射PS和FeSO₄与PS-FeSO₄-PRB两种处理方式的修复性能,4d内两者的AN累计去除率分别为35.22%和69.74%,TOC累计去除率分别为15.83%与14.88%.PS-FeSO₄-PRB修复效果明显高于直接注射处理.GC/MS分析表明,处理后产生了对苯醌、偶氮苯以及长链烷烃等产物,导致AN矿化率不高.pH值和Eh连续记录结果表明,PS-FeSO₄-PRB处理能够保持反应体系氧化还原电位和酸碱性的相对稳定.相比直接注射氧化剂,基于PS和FeSO₄-缓释胶囊的PRB处理中地下水的急性毒性更低,二次污染风险更小.