市政道路建设过程中的环境保护

城市市政道路建设最普遍的环境问题便是扬尘、噪音以及水污染,为进一步提高市政道路工程建设的社会效益,应当根据工程施工实际,努力地探索相关改善对策。本文分析了市政道路建设对环境的影响以及可能造成的污染,并就此提出了几点建议。     

云南雷暴的时空分布特征分析

利用1971~2005年云南132个气象站的逐日气象观测资料,对云南雷暴的时间、空间分布特点和变化特征进行分析研究,运用保证率公式计算了云南不同地区的雷暴可能初终日时空分布。分析结果表明:云南雷暴天气35年来在波动中呈减少趋势,年平均雷暴日滇西北最少,滇西南最多。滇东北、滇西北雷暴初日开始较晚,雷暴终日结束较早。全省雷暴集中发生在4~9月。全省雷暴日变化基本相同,呈两峰一谷的变化趋势,最大峰值发生在午后14~22时。     

Electro-catalytic activity of CeOx modified graphite felt for carbamazepine degradation via E-peroxone process

•CeO_x/GF-EP process had the better degradation efficiency than GF-EP process. •CeO_x/GF-EP process had the flexible application in the pH range from 5.0 to 9.0. •CeO_x could enhance surface hydrophilicity and reduce the charge-transfer resistance. •The interfacial electron transfer process was revealed. E-peroxone (EP) was one of the most attractive AOPs for removing refractory organic compounds from water, but the high energy consumption for in situ generating H₂O₂ and its low reaction efficiency for activating O₃ under acidic conditions made the obstacles for its practical application. In this study, cerium oxide was loaded on the surface of graphite felt (GF) by the hydrothermal method to construct the efficient electrode (CeO_x/GF) for mineralizing carbamazepine (CBZ) via EP process. CeO_x/GF was an efficient cathode, which led to 69.4% TOC removal in CeO_x/GF-EP process with current intensity of 10 mA in 60 min. Moreover, CeO_x/GF had the flexible application in the pH range from 5.0 to 9.0, TOC removal had no obvious decline with decrease of pH. Comparative characterizations showed that CeO_x could enhance surface hydrophilicity and reduce the charge-transfer resistance of GF. About 5.4 mg/L H₂O₂ generated in CeO_x/GF-EP process, which was 2.1 times as that in GF-EP process. The greater ozone utility was also found in CeO_x/GF-EP process. More O₃ was activated into hydroxyl radicals, which accounted for the mineralization of CBZ. An interfacial electron transfer process was revealed, which involved the function of oxygen vacancies and Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ redox cycle. CeO_x/GF had the good recycling property in fifth times’ use.     

活性炭催化臭氧氧化水中诺氟沙星

以椰壳基活性炭为催化剂,采用催化臭氧氧化工艺降解诺氟沙星(NF),优化了工艺条件,评价了催化活性,并对反应机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明:活性炭催化臭氧氧化工艺的优化条件为臭氧通量80 mg/h、初始NF质量浓度15.0 mg/L、反应温度25℃、初始NF溶液p H 5.0;在该优化条件下反应60 min时,TOC去除率达51.5%,较单独臭氧氧化的32.5%和单独活性炭吸附的11.5%有明显改善;在活性炭催化臭氧氧化工艺中臭氧氧化与活性炭吸附之间存在一定的协同作用,活性炭具有较好的催化活性;活性炭催化臭氧氧化工艺对NF的去除主要是基于臭氧的直接氧化作用。     

钴负载MCM-41分子筛催化臭氧氧化水中氯代苯甲酸

通过水热法合成介孔分子筛MCM-41,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Co负载MCM-41分子筛催化剂(Co/MCM-41).小角X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)、N2吸附-脱附等温线及透射电镜(TEM)等对催化剂的成分、结构的表征结果显示,Co/MCM-41保持了纯硅MCM-41有序的介孔结构,钴元素以钴氧化物形式存在,比表面达到772 m.2g-1.将Co/MCM-41分子筛用于催化臭氧氧化水中对氯苯甲酸(p-CBA)的研究,结果表明,在优化条件下(2%负载量和25℃反应温度),催化剂的加入显著改善了TOC去除率,达到84.6%,是单独臭氧氧化的1.6倍.     

活性炭负载金属氧化物催化臭氧氧化甲硝唑

采用浸渍法制备了Fe、Ni、Ag、Ce 4种金属氧化物负载活性炭(MeOx/AC)催化剂,并用于甲硝唑(MNZ)的催化臭氧氧化降解,以考察其催化活性.在20 mg/h的臭氧投加量下,催化剂的加入(0.5 g)对MNZ(C0=5 mg/L;pH=5.5)的氧化和矿化有明显改善,其中NiOX/AC催化剂表现出较好的催化活性...     

椰壳基活性炭负载过渡金属催化臭氧氧化降解对氯苯甲酸

以椰壳基活性炭(AC)负载过渡金属制备催化剂,考察了该催化剂催化臭氧氧化对氯苯甲酸(p-CBA)的性能。当Ni(NO3)2浓度为0.050mol/L、臭氧加入量为50mg/h时,制备的Ni/AC催化剂催化臭氧氧化p-CBA的效果最佳,反应30min时,p-CBA被完全去除。Ni/AC催化剂重复使用6次后仍具有较好的活性,p-CBA去除率为99%,TOC去除率为90%～94%。这表明Ni/AC催化剂具有较高的稳定性。     

气候旱涝指标方法及其分析

在前人研究的基础上，提出了计算单站旱涝指标和区域旱涝指标的方法。并根据１９５１～１９９６年各月降水资料，对华北地区和长江流域地区的旱涝进行了计算和分析，取得了较好的结果。     

Climatology,Trend Analysis and Prediction of Sandstorms and their Associated Dustfall in China

Based on statistical data about Sand and Dust Storms (SDS) and their associated dustfall, features of temporal and spatialdistribution were studied first in this article. SDS and associateddustfalls occurred most often in northern China, especiallynorthwestern China. However, in the last two years, they have atendency to occur on the central and western parts of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. As a result, Beijing is now among the impact areas, and the Chinese government is paying greaterattention to the matter. The changing trends of SDS and associated dustfalls were subsequently analyzed. Occurrences were seen to be decreasing with the feature of fluctuation duringthe period of 1954–2001, but they have slightly increased since 2000. Also, climate factors related to SDS and associated dustfalls were discussed. Finally, it was recommended that methods to predict SDS in China be further studied in the future.     

活性炭负载铈催化剂的制备及其催化性能

采用浸渍法以活性炭(AC)为载体负载CeO2制备了Ce/AC催化剂,考察了AC材质和Ce负载量(Ce与AC的质量比,下同)对Ce/AC催化剂催化臭氧氧化邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)效果的影响.实验结果表明,以椰壳AC为载体的催化剂催化性能好,Ce的最佳负载量为0.2%.Ce/AC催化剂催化臭氧氧化DMP 60 min后,DMP去除率达99%,TOC去除率达68%;Ce/AC催化剂催化臭氧氧化对氯苯甲酸(P-CBA)60 min后,P-CBA去除率达94%,TOC去除率达64%,均明显好于以AC为催化剂催化臭氧氧化和单独臭氧氧化效果.吸附动态实验结果表明,Ce/AC催化剂具有较好的稳定性,反应780 min后DMP去除率稳定在71%左右.