浅谈环境行政处罚中的自由裁量权与司法变更

环境行政处罚中自由裁量权具有不受法律直接羁束的特点，在具体运用中，较多地依赖环保执法人员的个人主观判断、感情取向，甚至部门的利益驱动。若自由裁量权运用不当，虽形式上不违法，但实质上违背了立法的宗旨。因此，在环境行政处罚中，需准确使用好自由裁量权。     

黔南州2002年土地利用变更情况分析

根据2002年土地调查结果，作者对黔南州本年度各类土地增减变更情况进行了统计分析，重点探讨了新地减少的原因以及耕地增加来源和建设用地变更情况。     

基于大型乙烯成套装置工艺安全的变更管理

介绍了工艺安全变更管理的概念及相关标准法规,结合国内变更管理的现状,提出了大型乙烯成套装置工艺安全变更管理建议。     

Characterizing ionic species in PM2:5 and PM10 in four Pearl River Delta cities, South China

PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)samples were collected at four major cities in the Pearl River Delta(PRD),South China,during winter and summer in 2002.Six water-soluble ions,Na~ ,NH_4~ ,K~ ,Cl~-,NO_3~- and SO_4~(2-)were measured using ion chromatography.On average,ionic species accounted for 53.3% and 40.5% for PM_(2.5)and PM_(10),respectively in winter and 39.4% and 35.2%,respectively in summer. Secondary ions such as sulfate,nitrate and ammonium accounted for the major part of the total ionic species.Sulfate was the most abundant species followed by nitrate.Overall,a regional pollution tendency was shown that there were higher concentrations of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium in Guangzhou City than those in the other PRD cities.Significant seasonal variations were also observed with higher levels of species in winter but lower in summer.The Asian monsoon system was favorable for removal and diffusion of air pollutants in PRD in summer while highly loading of local industrial emissions tended to deteriorate the air quality as well.NO_3~-/SO_4~(2-) ratio indicated that mobile sources have considerably contribution to the urban aerosol,and stationary sources should not be neglected. Besides the primary emissions,complex atmospheric reactions under favorable weather conditions should be paid more attention for the control of primary emission in the PRD region.     

情事变更原则与劳动合同法

作为合同法的一项重要原则,情事变更原则为现代许多国家立法所采纳,或在司法实务中予以认可。我国现行法律层面没有明确规定情事变更原则,但在最高人民法院近期出台的司法解释中,已有对这一原则的具体规定。一直以来,劳动合同的履行、变更和解除是否适用情事变更原则,在学术研究和司法实践中引发了较大争议。     

工艺安全警示灯

<正>安全装置带来的问题图1展示了冬天下雪很多的美国北部某城镇上的一处消火栓。一根金属杆垂直固定在消火栓的左侧,用来标注消火栓的位置,见图2。金属杆的顶端装有一面旗子,这样消火栓本体即使被积雪覆盖,消防员也能找到它。由于旗子对消火栓位置的标示,降低了消火栓被除雪设备损坏的可能性,同时它还提醒人们,不要把车停放在可能会堵塞消火栓通道的位置上。可以说,旗子就是一种安全装置,有助于人们找到积雪覆盖下的消火栓。很显然,这个安全装置也带来了一个问题。这根金属杆穿过     

基于变更平衡表的土地利用演化信息提取与预测方法研究——以苏州市为例

变更平衡表为国土资源管理部门历年实地调查、汇总所得,精度高,目前的研究中对其深入的应用较少,基于变更平衡表的应用方法研究可为区域土地利用演变信息提取与预测提供帮助。推导了由连续年份的年度变更平衡表求多年周期的平衡表的方法,提出了基于土地利用综合动态度分析土地利用有序程度的思路,探讨了利用连续年份的变更平衡表预测任意年份土地利用结构的方法,并基于传统方法进行了改进,提出了利用矩阵开方法求预测概率矩阵。应用苏州市一定时期的连续年份的年度变更平衡表对上述方法进行了验证,结果表明:提出的信息提取方法有效,预测结果可信;在分析期内(1998~2008年),苏州市耕地大量减少的去向是各类建设用地增加的来源,区域土地利用有序程度较高;预测显示至2020年土地利用结构变化仍将维持农用地、耕地不断减少和建设用地总量不断增加的趋势,但转化的速率将有所放缓;对变更平衡表的深入应用有一定的借鉴意义。     

Comparison of temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Ozone Pollution at Ground Level in the Eastern China

Monitoring data from ozone（O3） automatic stations in three typical cities with different climatic areas in the southern and northern parts of eastern China are used to analyze temporal and spatial characteristics of ozone pollution at ground level. The results show that ozone pollution level has distinct regional differences and the concentration in the suburbs is higher than that in the urban areas. The seasonal variation of ozone concentration in different climatic areas is greatly affected by the variation of precipitation. Ozone concentration in Shenyang and Beijing , in the temperate zone, has one perennial peak concentration, occurring in early summer, May or June. Ozone concentration in Guangzhou, in sub-tropical zone, has two peak values year round. The highest values occur in October and the secondary high value in June. The ozone season in the south is longer than that in the north. The annual average daily peak value of ozone concentrations in different climates usually occur around 3 pm. The diurnal variation range of ozone concentration declines with the increase of latitude. Ozone concentration does not elevate with the increase of traffic flow. Ozone concentration in Guangzhou has a distinct reverse relation to CO and NOx. This complicated non-linearity indicates that the equilibrium of ozone photochemical reaction has regional differences. Exceeding the rate of Beijing＇s lh ozone concentration is higher than that of Guangzhou, whereas the average 8h ozone level is lower than that of Guangzhou, indicating that areas in low latitude are more easily affected by moderate ozone concentrations and longer exposure. Thus, China should work out standards for 8h ozone concentration.     

领结图分析法在组织变更中的应用

介绍了领结图分析方法的分析过程及在组织变更中的应用。应用于组织变更过程时,识别变更带来的风险及需要制定的控制措施,并结合检查和差距分析手段,确定组织的关键安全岗位,以保障组织的安全管理水平不会因变更的原因而降低。     

精细化工企业工艺技术变更安全管理研究

精细化工企业生产过程中随意开展工艺技术变更极易引发安全事故,多数化工过程安全事故虽然不是由工艺技术变更直接引发,但在原因追溯中总能找出随意变更的身影。本文针对精细化工企业在技术变更管理中存在的问题,结合自身经验,提出可行性建议措施。