向低海拔俯冲

下山时,可以俯看到南面丛丛簇簇褶皱山岭间那一小摄的吉隆县城,它窝在海拔4120米的古湖盆地之中。奔天浩荡铺开去的众山族尽头隐约是喜马拉雅山脉最后的朵朵雪峰.     

联合国环境署发布大气棕色云报告

由于人类活动所导致的大气棕色云效应，从新德里到北京抵达地面的阳光不断减少，城市正变得越来越暗，喜马拉雅山脉上大范围的冰川正在以更快速度融化，天气状况越来越极端。2008年11月13日，联合国环境署在北京发布了大气棕色云报告，联合国副秘书长、联合国环境规划署执行主任阿齐姆·施泰纳（Achim Steiner）出席了报告的新闻发布会。     

Physical Land Suitability Assessment for the Large Cardamom Amomum subulatum Roxb. Cultivation in Hills of Kathmandu Valley

Nepal is one of the top three exporters of larger cardamom （Amomum subulatum Roxb.） in the world market contributing largely to the Nepalese economy. Sub-Himalayan range of hilly area of eastern Nepal is popular for large cardamom cultivation. Being similar phytogeographical and ecological setting, cultivation has begun in hills of Kathmandu Valley however land suitability needs to be evaluated with reference to specific need of the crop. Kathmandu is a valley with alluvial bottom and altitudinal range between 1200 and 2730m above sea level having cool to warm temperate climatic range. Varieties of aspects and slope gradient have potentiality for the large cardamom cultivation. Aim of the study was set to categorize available land area in the range of suitability for large cardamon cultivation on the basis of physical characteristics of the land and ecological need of crop. Land evaluation methodology has been designed along with site specific amendment in FAO framework （1976）. Land use map in scale of 1：25 000 was used in geographic information system environment. Suitability was done through map overlaying methods. Aim of the study was set to categorize available land area in the range of suitability categories for large cardamom cultivation based on physical characteristics of the land matching with ecological need of crop. Analysis of data shows that altitudinal range at uplands of Kathmandu Valley and annual average rainfall and temperature are found to be within suitability range for Amomum subulaturn cultivation. Sandy loam soil, slightly acidic in nature with gentle sloping land of about 5-8° provides highly suitable condition. Result showed that more than one-third of total land area above 1800 m of altitude is suitable. Selectively, of the total area, 5% are north facing slope, 13% gentle slopes are highly suitable. 16% lands with north east orientation are moderately suitable. Most of the land areas which are marginaly suitabile for vegetable and cereal crops are highly suitable for large cardamom. Hills of northern boundary hills found to be suitable due to more rainfall distribution pattern compared to southern boundary hills. Therefore, land evaluation also identifies limitations and input requirements for sustainable production.     

国际山地综合开发中心(ICIMOD)开展“加德满都与拉萨之间土地利用与山地环境治理的对比研究”

雄伟高耸的喜马拉雅山脉中段紧密连结着中国的西藏自治区与友好邻邦尼泊尔王国,它汇集着珠穆朗玛(海拔8848.13m)、马卡鲁(海拔8463m)、安那普鲁(海拔8078m)等世界著名高峰,其高峻的山势、壮丽的景色,成为国际上主要的登山活动场所和旅游胜地。世世代代居住在喜马拉雅山区的人民,长期从事着传统的农牧业生产,在山地资源的开发及环境整治方面积累了许多宝贵有益的经验和教训,特别是随着近些年来登山旅游事业的蓬勃兴起以及山区人口的增长,人类活动对山地资源和环境的压力与影响愈趋增强。一些山区的部分自然资源遭破坏,环境遭到严重污染或已经呈现不良的生态变化,自然灾害亦趋加剧和频繁。因此,如何合理开发与管理山地资源(包括旅游资源)、努力保护其生态环境与改善山区居民的生活水平,便成为该山区日益突出的重要问题。然而,这种带有普遍性的问题在各地的表现形式与程度是很不相同的,尤其是位于喜马拉雅山脉南     

中国、印度及环境

——中印合作可以降低生物多样性损失、减轻气候变化并减少森林砍伐。中国和印度这两个新兴的世界经济大国将对21世纪世界环境发挥重要甚至主导作用。在未来几年内,两国的经济增长率预期将维持8%～9%。在世界很多国家出现经济危机情况下,中印两国2009年仍实现了国内生产总值高增长(中国:8.4%,印度:6.2%,世