Real-world vehicle emission factors in Chinese metropolis city--Beijing

The dynamometer tests with different driving cycles and the real-world tests are presented. Results indicated the pollutants emission factors and fuel consumption factor with ECE15 EUDC driving cycle usually take the lowest value and with real wodd driving cycle occur the highest value, and different driving cycles will lead to significantly different vehicle emission factors with the same vehicle. Relative to the ECE15 EUDC driving cycle, the increasing rate of pollutant emission factors of CO, NOx and HC are - 0.42--2.99, - 0.32--0.81 and - 0.11--11 with FTP75 testing, 0.11--1.29, - 0.77--0.64 and 0.47--10.50 with Beijing 1997 testing and 0.25--1.83, 0.09--0.75 and - 0.58--1.50 with real wodd testing. Compared to the carburetor vehicles, the retrofit and MPI TWC vehicles‘ pollution emission factors decrease with different degree. The retrofit vehicle (Santana) will reduce 4.44%--58.44% CO, - 4.95%--36.79% NOx, -32.32%--33.89% HC, and -9.39%--14.29% fuel consumption, and especially that the MPI TWC vehicle will decrease CO by 82.48%--91.76%, NOx by 44.87%--92.79%, HC by 90.00%--93.89% and fuel consumption by 5.44%--10.55%. Vehicles can cause pollution at a very high rate when operated in high power modes; however, they may not often operate in these high power modes. In analyzing vehicle emissions, it describes the fraction of time that vehicles operate in various power modes. In Beijing, vehicles spend 90% of their operation in low power modes or decelerating.     

谢钦定置管理讲座 第三讲：定置管理的基本理论（二）

信息媒介物与人、物、场所的关系 在生产活动中，众多的对象物不可能都同人处于直接结合状态，而决大多数是处于间接结合状态。要实现人与物的科学结合，就必须依靠信息媒介物的指引和确认。     

我们该怎样给手机消毒

国家卫健委与国家中医药管理局公布的《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第四版)》中提到,新型冠状病毒传播途径为:"经呼吸道飞沫和接触传播是主要的传播途径。在相对封闭的环境中长时间暴露于高浓度气溶胶情况下存在经气溶胶传播的可能。接触传播,指病原体通过媒介物直接或间接传播。也就是说,日常除了戴口罩、洗脸、洗手外,如果忽视了给手机进行消毒,摸过手机的手接触口鼻、眼睛,也有被感染新型冠状病毒的可能。