耕种对沙地土壤全磷空间变异性的影响

利用经典统计学和地统计学相结合的方法,以科尔沁沙地东南缘的丘间低地为例,分析了农业耕种对沙地土壤全磷空间变异性的影响.结果表明,草地开垦8年后的耕地同未开垦的草地相比,表层和亚表层土壤全磷量均有明显增加(P<0.05);两层土壤全磷贮量增加7.64%,约增加25.71kg/hm2.耕地同草地相比,土壤全磷空间结构和格局存在明显差异.耕地表层表现为一种随机上下波动的空间分布格局,而草地表现为相对均一的空间分布格局.亚表层耕地同草地相比,基台值、结构方差和变程明显偏大,结构异质性和空间依赖性较强,而随机性较弱的空间分布格局.分数维进一步说明耕地与草地土壤全磷空间变异性的差异.克立格制图直观地反映2种土地利用方式下土壤全磷的空间结构特征.为此,认为耕种易导致沙地土壤退化,退耕还草有利于维持脆弱沙地生态系统的稳定性.     

农户生态耕种采纳意愿及其异质性分析——基于TPB框架的实证研究

生态耕种对改善农业生态环境、提升耕地保护成效和保障农作物质量安全起着重要作用。基于江西省11市47县（区）1 488份农户微观调查数据,在计划行为理论指导下,运用Logistic回归模型对农户生态耕种采纳意愿的影响因素开展实证研究。研究结果表明：（1）有89.85%的样本农户表示愿意采纳生态耕种,并对生态耕种的收益预期和推广预期维持在较高水平;（2）行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制对农户生态耕种采纳意愿有着显著的影响,其中,生态耕种推广预期、生产交流、邻里效应、政策补贴和技术培训变量是影响农户采纳意愿的关键因素;（3）不同限定条件下,农户生态耕种采纳意愿影响因素具有差异性,其中收益预期、信息传播力度和技术培训对低推广预期农户生态耕种采纳意愿影响更强;风险预期越低,对缺乏交流农户的采纳意愿影响更大;邻里效应小的农户主要受信息传播力度和技术培训的影响;需要政策补贴的农户,生产交流越频繁,邻里效应越强,其采纳愿望更强烈;参加了培训的农户,影响其采纳意愿的因素主要有收益预期与信息传播力度。政府应在加强生态耕种宣传与推广、搭建农户生产交流平台、完善生态耕种补贴与激励政策等方面制定针对性的措施。     

Status of Cadmium Concentration in Soil and Vegetable Irrigated with City Effluent

Cadmium is a toxic and carcinogenic element[1].In the1950s and 1960s,cadmium intoxication was considered to bestrictly an occupational disease.It was not until recognition of thecontribution of cadmium exposure to the etiology of Itai-itai dis-ease.It is …     

生态耕种对农户收入的影响研究:以江西省水稻种植户为例

生态耕种对提升耕地保护成效、保障农作物质量安全有着重大意义。利用江西省11市47县(区)1 488份水稻种植户的微观调查数据,基于最小二乘线性(OLS)回归和Heckman回归模型从整体上测度生态耕种对农户收入的影响,再引入分位数回归模型深入分析生态耕种对不同收入层次农户的收入效应。结果表明:(1)采纳生态耕种从整体上能够提高农户家庭的人均耕地收入,但会因农户的收入水平不同产生差异化的影响。(2)生态耕种对极低和低收入农户人均耕地收入具有正向影响,对中等及以上收入农户具有负向影响,仅对高等收入农户的人均耕地收入影响显著。(3)生计分化和耕地收入比重2个控制变量均会对农户人均耕地收入产生显著影响。鉴于此,提出了对低收入农户加大生态耕种政策扶持力度、积极引导中高收入农户的非农就业、切实加强耕地适度规模化经营等政策建议。     

打不碎的杯子

一个农民,初中只读了二年,家里就没有钱继续供他上学了.他辍学回家,帮父亲耕种三亩薄田. 他十九岁的时候,他的父亲去世了,家庭的重担全部压在了他的肩上.他要照顾身体不好的母亲,还有一位因中风瘫痪在床的祖母.     

Response of CH4 emission of paddy fields to land management practices at a microcosmic cultivation scale in China

The terrestrial ecosystem may be either a source or a sink of CH4 in rice paddies, depending, to a great extent, on the change of ecosystem types and land use patterns. CH4 emission fluxes from paddy fields under 4 cultivation patterns (conventional plain culture of rice(T1), no-tillage and ridge culture of rice(T2), no-tillage and ridge culture of rice and wheat (T3), and rice-wheat rotation(T4)) were measured with the closed chamber technique in 1996 and 1998 in Chongqing, China. The results showed that differences existed in CH4 emission from paddy fields under these land management practices. In 1996 and 1998, CH4 emission was 71.48% and 78.82% (T2), 65.93% and 57.18% (T3), and 61.53% and 34.22% (T4) of that in T1 during the rice growing season. During the non-rice growing season, CH4 emission from rice fields was 76.23% in T2 and 38.69% in T]. The accumulated annual CH, emission in T2, T3 and T4 in 1996 decreased by 33.53%, 63.30% and 65.?3%, respectively, as compared with that in TI. In 1998. the accumulated annual CH4 emission in T], T2, T3 and T4 was 116.96g/m^2, 68.44g/m^2, 19.70g/ms and 11.80g/m^2, respectively. Changes in soil physical and chemical properties, in thermal and moisture conditions in the soil and in rice plant growth induced by different land use patterns were the dominant causes for the difference in CH4 emission observed. The relative contribution of various influencing factors to CH, emission from paddy fields differed significantly under different land use patterns. However, the general trend was that chlorophyll content in rice leaves, air temperature and temperature at the 5 cm soil layer play a major role in CH4 emission from paddy fields and the effects of illumination, relative humidity and water layer depth in the paddy field and CH4 concentration in the crop canopy were relatively non-significant. Such conservative land use patterns as no-tillage and ridge culture of rice with or without rotation with wheat are thought to be beneficial to reducing CH4 emission from paddy fields and are, therefore, recommended as a significant solution to the problems of global(climatic) change.