新疆油田抽汲排液污染控制研究

抽汲排液存在抽汲设备和工具密封性差,对井场环境污染比较严重的问题,为解决抽汲排液对井场造成的污染,分别对抽汲钢丝绳的选择、试油井口防喷盒的密封以及试油抽汲作业规程及其它方面作了研究和应用,使抽汲排液对井场造成的污染得到了较好控制,符合新疆油田创建"绿色油气田"的要求。     

锚索拉断火花引爆瓦斯的实验研究

设计了锚索拉断火花引爆瓦斯实验装置 ,在瓦斯浓度为爆炸范围的环境中 ,对锚索拉断时产生火花规律及引起瓦斯爆炸的可能性进行了一系列实验研究。结果表明 :锚索拉断产生火花的概率为 5 0 % ,锚索钢绞线破断产生的火花不能引起瓦斯爆炸。采用红外热成象仪对锚索拉断火花温度的测试表明 ,锚索拉断产生的火花最高温度远小于瓦斯爆炸所需的最低点燃温度 6 5 0℃。     

Assessing Anchor Damage on Coral Reefs: A Case Study in Selection of Environmental Indicators

Because environmental conservation can remove scarce natural resources from competing uses, it is important to gain support for conservation programs by demonstrating that management actions have been effective in achieving their goals. One way to do this is to show that selected significant environmental variables (indicators) vary between managed and unmanaged areas or change over time following implementation of a management regime. However, identifying indicators that reflect environmental conditions relevant to management practices has proven difficult. This paper focuses on developing a framework for choosing indicators in a coral reef habitat. The framework consisted of three phases: (1) information gathering to identify candidate variables; (2) field-testing candidate variables at sites that differ in intensity of human activity, thus identifying potential indicators; and (3) evaluating potential indicators against a set of feasibility criteria to identify the most useful indicators. To identify indicators suitable to measure the success of a management strategy to reduce anchor damage to a coral reef, 24 candidate variables were identified and evaluated at sites with different intensities of anchoring. In this study, measures that reflected injuries to coral colonies were generally more efficient than traditional measures of coral cover in describing the effects of anchoring. The number of overturned colonies was identified as the single most useful indicator of coral reef condition associated with anchoring intensities. The indicator selection framework developed here has the advantages of being transparent, cost efficient, and readily transferable to other types of human activities and management strategies.     

门式起重机起升动载荷分析

以某工厂门式起重机为研究对象,利用轴套力建模法和编制相应CMD命令文件建立了钢丝绳模型,对部件添加材料属性,并对整机施加相应的约束、载荷和驱动,实现了门式起重机的虚拟样机建模。研究了不同的调速方法对起升动载荷的影响,采用联合仿真法对比分析了串电阻调速和变频调速法对动载荷的影响,为门式起重机的疲劳寿命研究提供数据支撑。     

石油修井作业机钢丝绳断裂失效研究

石油修井作业机钢丝绳断裂失效给人身安全和设备带来了很大的安全风险。我们分析了钢丝绳断裂机理,对采样进行综合研究认为:钢丝绳断裂的直接原因是在用钢丝绳在断裂前的脆性断丝数远远超过标准规定的报废要求,即该绳"带病工作",承载力严重降低,在过大的解卡载荷下,剩余钢丝不足以承受工作载荷,而导致断裂。笔者建议在今后的修井作业过程中,定期对钢丝绳和轮槽进行检查,及时更换不满足使用要求的钢丝绳、轮槽;钢丝绳使用过程中采用合理的润滑方法进行维护;在钢丝绳保存和转运期间,避免对钢丝绳造成损伤影响使用寿命;对于轮式修井机改用钢芯钢丝绳,避免结构破坏;鉴于卷筒旋向,今后应改用右捻钢丝绳。在修井作业过程中,解卡作业严禁超负荷施工。     

Horizontal lifelines – review of regulations and simple design method considering anchorage rigidity

Among the many occupational risks construction workers encounter every day falling from a height is the most dangerous. The objective of this article is to propose a simple analytical design method for horizontal lifelines (HLLs) that considers anchorage flexibility. The article presents a short review of the standards and regulations/acts/codes concerning HLLs in Canada the USA and Europe. A static analytical approach is proposed considering anchorage flexibility. The analytical results are compared with a series of 42 dynamic fall tests and a SAP2000 numerical model. The experimental results show that the analytical method is a little conservative and overestimates the line tension in most cases with a maximum of 17%. The static SAP2000 results show a maximum 2.1% difference with the analytical method. The analytical method is accurate enough to safely design HLLs and quick design abaci are provided to allow the engineer to make quick on-site verification if needed.     

在用吊运熔融金属起重机主起升钢丝绳缠绕系统的优化研究

结合最新的相关安全规程要求,通过对在用吊运熔融金属起重机钢丝绳缠绕系统的分析、研究,依据起重机械设计规范,对不同工况下钢丝绳缠绕系统分别提出两套优化方案,并通过实际应用情况验证优化方案的可行性。     

钢丝绳芯输送带接头硫化工艺安全管理

介绍了钢丝绳芯输送带接头硫化的有关工艺规程 ,提出了确保接头硫化质量的安全施工措施 ,并进行了具体的应用实践 ,对于防止接头硫化质量不高而带来的重大接头断裂隐患具有一定的现实指导意义     

海洋环境下舰载系留气球缆绳与球体的动态仿真分析

目的研究舰载系留气球在海洋环境下对系留缆绳以及球体姿态的影响。方法采用ADAMS二次开发宏命令来建立离散化系留缆绳模型,并将离散化系留缆绳几何模型在相邻微段圆柱间添加Bushing轴套力,设置相关刚性系数和阻尼系数获得完整特效的缆绳模型。同时根据船用起重机的相关设计规范,考虑船体横摇5°和纵摇2°等运动影响,分析船体运动情况可知,纵摇时系留缆绳下端系固点位置较之横摇波动幅度更大,对缆绳的影响更大,因此主要研究船体纵摇2°情况下对于系留缆绳的影响,并分析对比船体静止以及船体纵摇2°情况下对于舰载系留气球系留缆绳以及球体姿态的影响。结果获得了在船体静止状态以及纵摇激励影响下舰载系留气球系留缆绳张力变化曲线以及球体姿态变化曲线。船体纵摇2°情况时,系留缆绳在仿真开始阶段承受冲击载荷较大,峰值达到150 kN,随后缆绳载荷基本在25 k N上下浮动。张力变化曲线整体呈现周期变化,周期与船体纵摇周期一致,为10 s。球体横滚角和航向角变化与船体静止状下仿真结果基本一致,球体俯仰角变化幅度较大。结论船体纵摇时会对系留缆绳带来较大的冲击载荷,同时对球体的俯仰姿态产生影响。该仿真结果对舰载系留气球的可行性分析和适装性研究以及系留缆绳的选用具有较大的指导意义。     

焦炭塔钢丝绳张紧器更换的施工与安全技术

介绍了焦炭塔钢丝绳张紧器更换过程,分析了更换过程中易发生的事故,提出了安全对策。