Game theory approach to optimal capital cost allocation in pollution control

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宁西铁路的开通与沿线区域经济发展

宁西铁路的建成与开通对加强我国东西部地区之间的联系和促进沿线地区的资源开发、经济发展将产生重要的影响,沿线经济带正在逐步形成.从区域经济的角度,运用点-轴理论探讨了宁西铁路线与沿线经济发展区域一体化和形成经济带应注意的几个问题:加快沿线城镇建设,完善综合交通通道,强化铁路为地方经济服务功能,建立沿线区域经济协作体系.     

生态示范区可持续发展灰色评估系统设计应用

介绍了如何在国家级生态示范区的可持续发展评估中运用灰色系统理论构建定量评估系统模型,并给出了关系型指标表、量纲模型、多元灰色预测模型和发展系数模型以及应用实例.根据该评估系统模型所开发的灰色评估系统由数学模型、计算机软件和硬件组成,可自动完成量纲统一、指标预测、相关分析、综合评估和趋势图表的运算和输出.     

Influence of particle size on the aggregation behavior of nanoparticles: Role of structural hydration layer

More and more attention has been paid to the aggregation behavior of nanoparticles, but little research has been done on the effect of particle size. Therefore, this study systematically evaluated the aggregation behavior of nano-silica particles with diameter 130–480 nm at different initial particle concentration, pH, ionic strength, and ionic valence of electrolytes. The modified Smoluchowski theory failed to describe the aggregation kinetics for nano-silica particles with diameters less than 190 nm. Besides, ionic strength, cation species and pH all affected fast aggregation rate coefficients of 130 nm nanoparticles. Through incorporating structural hydration force into the modified Smoluchowski theory, it is found that the reason for all the anomalous aggregation behavior was the different structural hydration layer thickness of nanoparticles with various sizes. The thickness decreased with increasing of particle size, and remained basically unchanged for particles larger than 190 nm. Only when the distance at primary minimum was twice the thickness of structural hydration layer, the structural hydration force dominated, leading to the higher stability of nanoparticles. This study clearly clarified the unique aggregation mechanism of nanoparticles with smaller size, which provided reference for predicting transport and fate of nanoparticles and could help facilitate the evaluation of their environment risks.     

某海域极端环境下15万吨级FPSO波浪荷载数值研究

目的 评估在役15万吨级FPSO在某海域百年一遇极端波浪作用下典型横剖面的水动力特性,进而得到FPSO的极值荷载,作为FPSO返坞改造的关键控制参数。方法 基于国产自主三维频域线性势流软件COMPASS-WALCS,建立15万吨级FPSO湿表面网格模型,根据三维绕射-辐射理论,计算湿表面上的水动力荷载,将每个绕射单元上的水动压力直接映射到结构模型上进行计算。采用谱分析方法对百年一遇海况进行分析,得到短期运动极值响应。对响应幅值算子(RAO)和波能谱密度进行谱分析,得到极端波浪下的响应谱,进而得到浮体运动和波浪荷载短期预报各种统计值,利用统计方法求得短期响应的最大值。结果 计算了船中部Fr143横剖面的载荷极值,即垂向弯矩、垂向剪力、剖面型心加速度等,发现船舶迎浪时弯矩值最大,随着浪向角增大,弯矩值逐渐减小,剖面垂向剪力则随着浪向角增大逐渐增大。结论 FPSO在极端波浪作用下,其大迎浪角条件下荷载更加危险,需要给予格外关注。     

Bacteria transport and deposition under unsaturated conditions: the role of the matrix grain size and the bacteria surface protein

Unsaturated (80% water saturated) packed column experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of grain size distribution and bacteria surface macromolecules on bacteria (Rhodococcus rhodochrous) transport and deposition mechanisms. Three sizes of silica sands were used in these transport experiments, and their median grain sizes were 607, 567, and 330 microm. The amount of retained bacteria increased with decreasing sand size, and most of the deposited bacteria were found adjacent to the column inlet. The deposition profiles were not consistent with predictions based on classical filtration theory. The experimental data could be accurately characterized using a mathematical model that accounted for first-order attachment, detachment, and time and depth-dependent straining processes. Visual observations of the bacteria deposition as well as mathematical modelling indicated that straining was the dominant mechanism of deposition in these sands (78-99.6% of the deposited bacteria), which may have been enhanced due to the tendency of this bacterium to form aggregates. An additional unsaturated experiment was conducted to better deduce the role of bacteria surface macromolecules on attachment and straining processes. In this case, the bacteria surface was treated using a proteolitic enzyme. This technique was assessed by examining the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum and hydrophobicity of untreated and enzyme treated cells. Both of these analytical procedures demonstrated that this enzymatic treatment removed the surface proteins and/or associated macromolecules. Transport and modelling studies conducted with the enzyme treated bacteria, revealed a decrease in attachment, but that straining was not significantly affected by this treatment.     

Dynamic Bayesian networks for reliability evaluation of subsea wellhead connector during service life based on Monte Carlo method

The subsea wellhead connector is a critical connection component between subsea Christmas tree and subsea wellhead for preventing the leakage of oil and gas in the subsea production system. Excited by cyclical loadings due to environmental forces and the other support forces, the subsea wellhead connector is prone to the failure, which could lead to the loss of subsea tree or wellhead integrity and even catastrophic accidents. With the Monte Carlo simulation method, this paper presents a reliability analysis approach based on dynamic Bayesian Networks, aiming to assess the failure probability of the subsea wellhead connector during service life. Take the driving ring component of the subsea wellhead connector as an example to demonstrate the reasonability of the proposed model. The generation data is processed by the transform between the numerical value and the state variable. Based on the stress-strength interference theory, the structure reliability of the driving ring with 96.26% is achieved by the proposed model with the consideration the aging of the material strength and the most influential factors are figured out. Meanwhile, the corresponding control measures are proposed effectively reduce the failure risk of the subsea wellhead connector during service life.     

A Pluralist–Expressivist Critique of the Pet Trade

Elizabeth Anderson’s “pluralist–expressivist” value theory, an alternative to the understanding of value and rationality underlying the “rational actor” model of human behavior, provides rich resources for addressing questions of environmental and animal ethics. It is particularly well-suited to help us think about the ethics of commodification, as I demonstrate in this critique of the pet trade. I argue that Anderson’s approach identifies the proper grounds for criticizing the commodification of animals, and directs our attention to the importance of maintaining social practices and institutions that respect the social meanings of animals. Her theory alone, however, does not adequately address the role of the state in this project. Drawing on social contract theory to fill this gap, I conclude that the state’s role in regulating the pet trade should be limited to ensuring the welfare of animals in the stream of commerce, not prohibiting their mass marketing altogether.     

基于灰色模糊理论的尾矿库安全评价方法研究

针对专家评分法对较小分数差异对象的评价结果存在较大误差,提出了一种模糊灰色综合评价方法.该方法的实质是通过灰色隶属度算子U的作用,放大系统内各种信息的差异,并使相似信息得到压缩,同时,根据类别之间的隶属度信息确定类别权系数.应用结果表明,模糊灰色综合评价方法和专家评分方法相比更符合实际情况.     

推拉理论视角下的农村宅基地退出机制研究——基于南京市栖霞区农户意愿调查

以推拉理论为视角,分别从农村宅基地作为资源和资产属性以及拥有农村宅基地使用权的农民迁移到城市这两个角度,重新梳理影响农户宅基地退出意愿的因素,建立了农村宅基地退出影响因素的推拉分析框架。在理论分析的基础上,利用在南京市栖霞区农村实地调查得到的数据,建立二元Logistic模型归纳主要影响农户退出意愿的推力和拉力因素。研究发现,受教育水平、农户年总收入、家庭居住人口数和农户是否参加农村养老保险是宅基地退出的主要推动因素;而非农业收入占比、外出务工人口数、是否参加城镇养老保险、是否拥有城镇住所、是否有宅基地产权证书以及宅基地抵押权认知情况是影响宅基地退出的主要拉力因素。基于以上的影响因素分析,提出完善农村宅基地退出机制的政策建议。