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排序方式: 共有143条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
池火灾热辐射的数值研究 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6
通过列举储罐火灾事故,提出对池火灾进行研究的重要性.介绍目前池火灾国内外的研究现状及发展情况,描述池火灾燃烧特征和模型.应用化学流体力学基本定律,建立了描述池火灾过程的基本控制方程组,并根据适当的条件选择辐射模型.建立物理模型,做出合理假设,确定初始和边界条件,对池火灾热辐射过程进行数值模拟,得出火焰周围入射热流密度分布图,计算出相邻两罐之间的最小安全距离,应用于工程实际中,给防火间距的制定提供理论依据,计算结果定性合理. 相似文献
2.
热辐射的破坏准则和池火灾的破坏半径 总被引:10,自引:4,他引:10
热辐射破坏是发生在开放气环境中的池火灾的主要破坏机理。本文讨论了热辐射的破坏准则,提出预测池火灾破坏半径的方法,进行了数值模拟计算,分而和时纳了池火灾的基本规律 相似文献
3.
Potential increase in fire hazard as a result of timber harvesting is a concern of forest managers throughout the United States. Treating fuels can help reduce unacceptable fire hazards. To evaluate alternative fuel treatments, managers need to know their effects on fire hazard. A decision analysis approach to estimating fire hazard in terms of expected burned area was applied to a watershed in the Siskiyou National Forest (Oregon). Three treatment alternatives (do nothing and two levels of yarding unmerchantable material) were evaluated, and the effects of the treatments were projected over a 90-yr period. Initially, the effects of applying a treatment are small. After 50 years of treatment, the most intense alternative can be expected to show almost a 50% reduction in burned area compared to no treatment. The procedure also estimates burned are by fire size and fire intensity classes. Managers may find this useful for estimating expected fire effects associated with a particular fuel treatment regime. 相似文献
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The liquid fuel safety issues on fuel storage, transportation and processing have gained most attention because of the high fire risk. In this paper, some 0# diesel pool fire experiments with different diameters (0.2–1 m) were conducted with initial fuel thicknesses of 2 cm and 4 cm, respectively, to obtain liquid fuel combustion characteristics. Some key parameters including mass burning rate, flame height and the flame radiative heat flux, associated with fire risk, were investigated and determined. Subsequently, a detail quantitative risk assessment framework for 0# diesel pool fire is proposed based on the 0# diesel burning characteristics. In the framework, the probability of personal dead and the facility failure are calculated by the vulnerability models, respectively. In the end, 10 special tank fire scenarios were selected to show the whole risk calculation process. The tank diameter and the distance to pool fires were paid more attention in the cases. The safety distances in the cases are provided for the persons and nearby facilities, respectively. The paper enriches the basic experimental data and the provided framework is useful to the management of 0# diesel tank areas. 相似文献
6.
张思玉 《防灾科技学院学报》2009,11(2):1-3
森林火灾是当今世界上八大自然灾害之一,不仅具有灾害学中所描述的关于自然灾害的一般特性,而且具有自身的特点.本文从自然灾害的属性、特点、基本研究内容和方法等几个方面,论述了灾害学为森林火灾分区分类施治理论提供的理论依据. 相似文献
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Unlike metallic dust layers, the layer flammability levels (LFL) of non-metallic dust layers exhibit a wide range from Class 1 (No self-sustained combustion) to Class 6 (explosive combustion). However, determinations of layer flammability have not considered the effect of inclination angle, thereby potentially underestimating fire hazard of combustible dust layers in many industrial situations. In this research, inclined dust layers showed greater fire hazard than did horizontally oriented dust layers. For example, LFL of wood dust jumped from class 3 to class 5 when layers were positioned with an incline. Flame spread rate of PMMA dust layers increased from 1.8 to 3.6 mm/s when the angle of inclination increased from 0 to 40°. Even small amounts of solid inertant significantly decreased surface layer fires. The required amount of inertant to completely inert layer fires was far less than that for smoldering layer fires or dust explosions. 相似文献
9.
针对地铁火灾存在导致重大人员伤亡的风险,首先提出通风、排烟、挡烟、隔离等多元设施协同控制的主动救灾思想,采用火灾模拟软件(FDS)建立常规地铁站与换乘地铁站的模型,模拟站台中部火灾下,排烟风机、挡烟垂壁局部和全部开启时关键部位的烟流控制效果;然后利用有效剂量分数(FED)模型分析人员的致死因素,并提出地铁常态通风与火灾烟流协同集控系统。结果显示:对于常规地铁站中部火灾,常态通风下,120 s后烟气蔓延到中间楼梯口,180 s时烟气弥漫整个站台层;开启所有排烟设施并关闭挡烟垂壁后,能够有效地将火灾烟气控制在站台中部及右侧。对于换乘地铁站,常态通风下,300 s时烟气污染所有站台与站厅区域,中间和左侧楼梯口的可用疏散时间为130和185 s;开启所有排烟设施并关闭挡烟垂壁后,下层站台烟流少量扩散到上层站台,但未波及到站厅,二者可用疏散时间增大至150和230 s。楼梯口能见度是影响可用疏散时间的关键因素,而火灾致命性因素是CO体积分数。 相似文献
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