溴氰菊酯暴露与消化系统恶性肿瘤死亡率的相关性研究

分析环境中溴氰菊酯暴露与人群消化系统恶性肿瘤死亡率是否存在相关关系。方法收集1996~1999年沈阳市6个郊区县的溴氰菊酯暴露资料和1997~2002年消化系统恶性肿瘤死亡率资料,用SPSS(11.5)统计软件对每年农药使用密度与随后3年的消化系统恶性肿瘤平均死亡率进行Spearman等级相关分析。结果:每年的溴氰菊酯使用密度与随后3年的男性食管癌、胃癌、肝癌平均死亡率均显著相关。1997~1999年度溴氰菊酯使用密度与男性结直肠肛门癌死亡率有显著相关,而在1996年度不相关。在女性则相关的年份很少。结论:溴氰菊酯的暴露可能是男性食管癌、胃癌、肝癌死亡的危险因素之一。而其它相关结果尚不具有普遍性意义,今后仍需进一步深入开展相关方面的流行病学和毒理学研究。     

我国南方某省1988～1992年工伤调查分析

通过对南方某省１９８８～１９９２年工伤发生情况的调查，五年间工伤事故数、工伤死亡率及重伤率有逐年增加的趋势，煤炭、交通、建筑三个行业的工伤死亡人数约占工伤死亡总数的５０％；县以下乡镇企业中的工伤事故数、死亡率及重伤率均居首位。工伤事故中造成死亡的原因主要集中在物体打击、触电、高空坠落；引起重伤的原因集中在机械伤害、物体打击、车辆伤害和高空坠落。因此在劳动安全卫生管理工作上，要采取一些强有力的干预措施，特别要加强对乡镇工业企业及那些易发生工伤事故企业的管理。     

污水生物处理系统中内源过程的研究进展

污水生物处理系统的内源过程涉及到一系列微生物学、生态学机制和过程,因而对处理系统的各个方面都有重要影响.然而-目前对内源过程的认识还相当有限.本文首先在总结现有知识的基础上对污水生物处理系统中的内源过程作了定义,并对其区分为细胞和群落两个水平-随后,分别对内源过程中的细胞维持、解偶联、程序化细胞死亡、饥饿状态、高等微生物捕食等过程作了综述,总结了其在污水生物处理领域的研究进展.此外.文章还概述了细胞维持能量和细胞衰减速率的测定方法及其研究进展和存在的问题.本文的目的是通过综述现有的知识,推动对污水生物处理系统中内源过程研究的进一步发展.     

Epidemiological risk assessment using linked network and grid based modelling: Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae in the UK

We developed a stochastic simulation model incorporating most processes likely to be important in the spread of Phytophthora ramorum and similar diseases across the British landscape (covering Rhododendron ponticum in woodland and nurseries, and Vaccinium myrtillus in heathland). The simulation allows for movements of diseased plants within a realistically modelled trade network and long-distance natural dispersal. A series of simulation experiments were run with the model, representing an experiment varying the epidemic pressure and linkage between natural vegetation and horticultural trade, with or without disease spread in commercial trade, and with or without inspections-with-eradication, to give a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial started at 10 arbitrary locations spread across England. Fifty replicate simulations were made at each set of parameter values. Individual epidemics varied dramatically in size due to stochastic effects throughout the model. Across a range of epidemic pressures, the size of the epidemic was 5–13 times larger when commercial movement of plants was included. A key unknown factor in the system is the area of susceptible habitat outside the nursery system. Inspections, with a probability of detection and efficiency of infected-plant removal of 80% and made at 90-day intervals, reduced the size of epidemics by about 60% across the three sectors with a density of 1% susceptible plants in broadleaf woodland and heathland. Reducing this density to 0.1% largely isolated the trade network, so that inspections reduced the final epidemic size by over 90%, and most epidemics ended without escape into nature. Even in this case, however, major wild epidemics developed in a few percent of cases. Provided the number of new introductions remains low, the current inspection policy will control most epidemics. However, as the rate of introduction increases, it can overwhelm any reasonable inspection regime, largely due to spread prior to detection.     

The role of design issues in work-related fatal injury in Australia

PROBLEM: This study aimed to provide an assessment of the contribution of design to the occurrence of fatal work-related injuries in Australia. METHODS: The Australian National Coroners' Information System was the data source for fatal injuries. Deaths resulting from workplace injuries on or between 1 July 2000 and 30 June 2002 were included. RESULTS: Seventy seven (37%) of the 210 identified workplace fatalities definitely or probably had design-related issues involved. In another 29 (14%), the circumstances were suggestive that design issues were involved. The most common scenarios involved problems with rollover protective structures and/or associated seat belts; inadequate guarding; lack of residual current devices; inadequate fall protection; failed hydraulic lifting systems in vehicles and mobile equipment; and inadequate protection mechanisms on mobile plant and vehicles. SUMMARY: Design is a significant contributor to work-related fatal injury in Australia. There is considerable scope for preventing serious work-related injury through improving design of plant, equipment, and vehicles used for work-related purposes.     

中美固体废物污染环境防治法律制度比较

对中美两国的固体废物法律制度进行了全面系统地比较，得出了中美两国的社会制度和经济发展水平虽然不同，但因美国的固体废物立法较早，管理制度比较全面，有些地方值得我国固体废物立法、监督管理借鉴。     

山葵提取物杀灭蛔虫的试验研究

文章用山葵提取物对蛔虫及其蛔虫卵的杀死作用.结果表明,在山葵提取物浓度为0.1%以上时,9min内就可杀死全部供试蛔虫.在山葵浓度为0.1%以上时,35min内就可杀死全部供试蛔虫卵.而且,山葵杀死蛔虫卵需时间比杀死蛔虫体的时间要长,是杀死蛔虫体所需时间的4倍.山葵的杀虫作用效果明显,这为消灭蛔虫及其虫卵,防治蛔虫病,保证人类健康找到了一条有效新途径.     

我国高速公路交通事故趋势分析

对高速公路交通事故的主要原因、事故类型和发展趋势作了分析和预测 ,拟合出每百公里交通事故起数的预测公式 ,指出应加强对超速行车、通车初期和恶劣天气时的交通控制。分析结论是 :高速公路交通事故总体上呈下降趋势 ;事故的绝对数将继续增长 ,但每百公里事故起数将逐年平缓下降 ;在高速公路交通事故中 ,单方事故居多 ,超速行驶是引发事故的主要原因 ,追尾是事故的主要形态 ;在高速公路通车初期和恶劣气候条件下 ,事故呈上升趋势     

癌症与土壤环境中锆元素的关系

利用土壤环境中锆元素资料 767个数据和癌症死亡调查资料 7870 80例 ,研究了癌症死亡率与人群生存区土壤环境中锆元素的关系。结果表明 :肝癌、肺癌、鼻咽癌、乳腺癌死亡率与锆元素有相关性 ,等级相关系数分别为 0 5 0 44 (P <0 0 0 5 )、0 3 3 99(P <0 0 5 )、0 3 164 (P <0 0 5 )、0 3 197(P <0 0 5 )。     

Hope in a hopeless age: environmentalism’s crisis

In this short essay it is argued that recent criticisms portraying the activist environmental movement as overly pessimistic are valid and that the communication of this pessimism to the public at large has been largely counterproductive to the objectives of environmentalists. It is argued that, in contrast to historic assumptions of a ‘progress paradigm’ that epitomized the widely held optimism of the past, the shock tactics and pessimistic media campaigns employed by the activist environmental movement, and the media that capitalizes upon those campaigns, have contributed to the creation of a figurative hopeless age. The key characterization of the hopeless age is the widely held assumption that the future will be worse than the present and that the lives of future generations will be diminished relative to our own. It is argued that the creation of this social-psychological phenomenon is counterproductive to the aims of the environmental movement and that the restoration of a collective vision and message of hope would be far more productive. Lastly, some reasons for a hopeful outlook are suggested.