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排序方式: 共有343条查询结果,搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
在石英砂充填的二维砂箱中开展表面活性剂(Tween 80)冲洗四氯乙烯(PCE)的修复实验,基于图像分析技术监测不同污染源区结构条件下NAPL相的去除过程.由于实验条件限制,实验中缺乏溶解相浓度数据.为此进一步基于UTCHEM数值模拟方法来理解NAPL相和溶解态之间的质量传输过程,并探讨表面活性剂浓度、注入速率等因素对修复效率的影响.综合砂箱实验和数值模拟结果表明:介质均质和非均质条件下会形成不同类型DNAPL污染源区结构,表现为离散状PCE与池状PCE体积比(GTP)差异.由于离散状污染物与表面活性剂的接触面积更大,更易被优先去除;初始GTP值越高,污染物的修复速率和修复效率也越高.增大表面活性剂浓度或提高表面活性剂的注入速率,虽然能提高DNAPL的修复速率,但会明显降低表面活性剂的修复效率,实验过程中修复效率降幅可达93%.线性驱动溶解模型可以有效地模拟表面活性剂修复DNAPLs过程,基于数值模拟方法选择合适的表面活性剂配比可有效的节省实际污染场址修复经费和时间成本. 相似文献
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Sean LIU 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2003,(6)
IntroductionTheconventionalmethodforsubsurfaceremediationofgroundwatercontaminationwithVOCsistheso called“pump and treat”technology .Thelimitationofthisapproachistheprohibitivelylongtreatmenttimeforremediatingthegroundwatercontaminatedwithcommonchlorinatedsolventsthathavedensitiesgreaterthanthatofwater(classifiedasDNAPLs densenon aqueousphaseliquids) .Thisislargelyduetotheverylowwatersolubilityandlowbiodegradabilityofthisclassofsolventsandthetendencyofthesolventssettlinginthebottomofanaqu… 相似文献
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膜生物反应器去除废水中阴离子表面活性剂的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
阴离子表面活性剂是环境中分布广泛且具有代表性的一类有机污染物.采用分置式膜生物反应器(MBR)进行去除模拟废水中阴离子表面活性荆(LAS)的实验,结果表明:MBR对阴离子表面活性荆的去除率高于90%.同时考察了阴离子表面活性荆生物降解的影响因素,确定其适宜降解条件为:气体流量为0.3m3/h、活性污泥浓度为6948mg/L.初步探讨了降解动力学和降解机理,研究表明对阴离子表面活性剂的去除符合拟一级反应动力学过程,且生物降解对其去除起主要作用. 相似文献
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以凹凸棒土为原料,通过复配造粒、热处理的方法对凹凸棒土进行改性,并用改性后的凹凸棒土对染料废水进行处理。考察了pH值、凹凸棒土用量及吸附时间等因素的影响,探索了最佳工艺条件。结果表明,改性后的凹凸棒土吸附性能有了明显改善,对染料废水进行处理,脱色率可达99%以上,处理废水量与吸附剂比为670颐1,且其原料价廉易得、工艺简单、成本低,是一种较好的脱色吸附剂。 相似文献
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Yunan Chen Yi Yang Bolong Xu Shunhao Wang Bin Li Juan M Jie Gao Yi Y. Zuo Sijin Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(12):100-114
Environmental exposure and health risk upon engineered nanomaterials are increasingly concerned. The family of mesoporous carbon nanomaterials(MCNs) is a rising star in nanotechnology for multidisciplinary research with versatile applications in electronics,energy and gas storage, and biomedicine. Meanwhile, there is mounting concern on their environmental health risks due to the growing production and usage of MCNs. The lung is the primary site for particle invasion under environmental exposure to nanomaterials. Here, we studied the comprehensive toxicological profile of MCNs in the lung under the scenario of moderate environmental exposure. It was found that at a low concentration of 10 μg/mL MCNs induced biophysical inhibition of natural pulmonary surfactant. Moreover, MCNs at similar concentrations reduced viability of J774 A.1 macrophages and lung epithelial A549 cells.Incubating with nature pulmonary surfactant effectively reduced the cytotoxicity of MCNs.Regarding the pro-inflammatory responses, MCNs activated macrophages in vitro, and stimulated lung inflammation in mice after inhalation exposure, associated with lung fibrosis.Moreover, we found that the size of MCNs played a significant role in regulating cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of this nanomaterial. In general, larger MCNs induced more pronounced cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects than their smaller counterparts. Our results provided valuable information on the toxicological profile and environmental health risks of MCNs, and suggested that fine-tuning the size of MCNs could be a practical precautionary design strategy to increase safety and biocompatibility of this nanomaterial. 相似文献
9.
Utilizing surfactants to control the sorption, desorption, and biodegradation of phenanthrene in soil-water system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An integrative technology including the surfactant enhanced sorption and subsequentdesorption and biodegradation of phenanthrene in the soil-water system was introduced and tested. For slightly contaminated agricultural soils, cationic-nonionic mixed surfactant- enhanced sorption of organic contaminants onto soils could reduce their transfer to plants, therefore safe-guarding agricultural production. After planting, residual surfactants combined with added nonionic surfactant could also promote thedesorption and biodegradation of residual phenanthrene, thus providing a cost-effective pollution remediation technology.0ur results showed that the cationic-nonionic mixed surfactantsdodecylpyridinium bromide (DDPB) and Triton X-100 (TX100) significantly enhanced soil retention of phenanthrene. The maximum sorption coefficient Kd* of phenanthrene for contaminated soils treated by mixed surfactants was about24.5 times that of soils without surfactant (Kd ) and higher than the combined effects of DDPB and TX100 individually, which was about 16.7 and 1.5 times Kd , respectively.0n the other hand, TX100 could effectively remove phenanthrene from contaminated soils treated by mixed surfactants, improving the bioavailability of organic pollutants. Thedesorption rates of phenanthrene from these treated soils were greater than 85% with TX100 concentration above2000 mg/L and approached 100% with increasing TX100 concentration. The biodegradation rates of phenanthrene in the presence of surfactants reached over 95% in30days. The mixed surfactants promoted the biodegradation of phenanthrene to some extent in 10-22days, and had no obvious impact on phenanthrene biodegradation at the end of the experiment. Results obtained from this study provide some insight for the production of safe agricultural products and a remediation scheme for soils slightly contaminated with organic pollutants. 相似文献
10.
Surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) is an effective method for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from contaminated soils and groundwater. To reuse the surfactant the VOCs must be separated from the surfactant solutions. The water solubility of VOCs can be enhanced using reversible surfactants with a redox-acive group, (ferrocenylmethyl)dodecyldimethylammonium bromide (Fcl2) and (ferrocenylmethyl)tetradecanedimethylammonium bromide (Fcl4), above and below their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) under reducing (I+) and oxidative (I2+) conditions. The CMC values of Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I+ are 0.94 and 0.56 mmol/L and the solubilization of toluene by Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I+ for toluene is higher than the solubilization achieved with sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Trition X-114. The solubilization capacity of the ferrocenyl surfactants for each tested VOCs ranked as follows: ethylbenzene > toluene > benzene. The solubilities of VOCs by reversible surfactant in I+ were 30% higher than those in I2+ at comparable surfactant concentrations. The effects of Fcl4 concentrations on VOCs removal efficiency were as follows: benzene > toluene > ethylbenzene. However, an improved removal efficiency was achieved at low ferrocenyl surfactant concentrations. Furthermore, the reversible surfactant could be recycled through chemical approaches to remove organic pollutants, which could significantly reduce the operating costs of SER technology. 相似文献