高压输电线路跨越建筑物工频电场研究

当高压输电线路跨越或邻近建筑物时,线路下方区域工频电场会发生不同程度的畸变,此时,传统的二维模型已无法正确描述该情况时线路下方工频电场的分布。利用自编仿真软件进行模拟,并结合实测数据,研究和分析高压输电线路跨越或邻近建筑物时线路下方的工频电场分布和变化趋势。     

Measurement of flow speed in the channels of novel threadlike structures on the surfaces of mammalian organs

There have been several reports on novel threadlike structures (NTSs) on the surfaces of the internal organs of rats and rabbits since their first observation by Bonghan Kim in 1963. To confirm this novel circulatory function, it is necessary to observe the flow of liquid through the NTS as well as the structurally corroborating channels in the NTS. In this article, we report on the measurement of the flow speed of Alcian blue solution in the NTSs on the organ surfaces of rabbits, and we present electron microscopic images depicting the cribrous cross-section with channels. The speed was measured as 0.3 ± 0.1 mm/s, and the flow distance was up to 12 cm. The flow was unidirectional, and the phase contrast microscopic images showed that the NTSs were strongly stained with Alcian blue. The ultrastructure of the NTSs revealed by cryo-scanning electron microscopy and high-voltage electron microscopy showed that (1) there were cell-like bodies and globular clumps of matter inside the sinus of the channel with thin strands of segregated zones which is a microscopic evidence of the liquid flow, (2) the sinuses have wall structures surrounded with extracellular matrices of collagenous fibers, and (3) there exists a cribriform structure of sinuses. To understand the mechanism for the circulation, a quantitative analysis of the flow speed has been undertaken applying a simplified windkessel model. In this analysis, it was shown that the liquid flow through the NTSs could be due to peristaltic motion of the NTS itself. Baeckkyoung Sung and Min Su Kim contributed equally to this work.     

高压击穿电弧作用下开关柜内典型阻燃绝缘件引燃特性的实验研究

高压开关柜内的绝缘件失效故障,易引发火灾事故、区域停电甚至影响电网系统的稳定运行。基于高压击穿电弧模拟与材料引燃机理综合模拟实验平台,针对4 mm厚支柱绝缘子和固封极柱,开展了15 kV击穿电弧作用下的系列引燃实验研究。结果表明,高压电极横向击穿后,电弧迅速上翻形成自上而下“夹持”样品的倒“U”形弧柱,弧根与弧顶首先炭化或引燃。阻燃绝缘件样品顶部形成火焰后,随着燃烧的进行,逐渐从顶部形成穿透样品的内部击穿电弧,该电弧易诱发剧烈燃烧的水平喷射火焰。内部击穿电弧位置向下移动呈“2阶段”特征:在初始阶段较慢,支柱绝缘子和固封极柱样品内击穿点下移速度分别约为2.55 mm/s和1 .74 mm/s,而在第2阶段分别增大至78.50 mm/s和35.03 mm/s。此外,高压起弧瞬间,在紧邻电极上方的绝缘材料表面,升温速率可达180 ℃/s。研究结果可用于高压开关柜各类阻燃绝缘件的科学选型与优化设计,为开关柜防火安全性能的提升提供科学依据。     

高压电力电缆隧道火灾早期预警判据的实验研究

我国城市架空高压电力线路已逐渐下地进入电缆隧道,其中的火灾防控系统是保护整个电力输送安全与稳定的重要一环。搭建了高压电力电缆隧道火灾烟气模拟与测量实验平台,针对电缆受热着火燃烧的典型工况,研究了隧道两端不同开口状态下的顶棚各位置CO浓度、CO2浓度、烟颗粒浓度和温度的变化特征。结果表明,顶棚位置CO浓度和烟颗粒浓度可作为火灾早期预警的优选标志性参数,而CO2浓度和温度较不适合。设定CO浓度和烟颗粒浓度的预警阈值分别为10 ppm和0.05 dB/m,各顶棚位置均可实现报警,各工况下,不同顶棚位置报警时间呈以火源正上方探头为最早报警的V字形分布。此外,电缆隧道两端的开口状态对隧道内CO和烟颗粒运动产生一定影响,进而影响不同预警参数的响应灵敏度,即两端开口时,CO浓度预警模式更早响应,而两端关闭时,烟颗粒浓度预警模式更早响应。研究结果对高压电缆隧道火灾预警系统的设计具有指导作用,也可为未来高压电缆隧道的相关预警标准提供基础。     

膨胀型防火涂料对高压电力电缆引燃特性影响的实验研究

膨胀型防火涂料在电缆防火工程中有较广泛的应用,在使用过程中确保电缆涂料的效果与经济性具有重要意义。对喷涂不同厚度膨胀型高氯化聚乙烯防火涂料的高压电力电缆开展了在典型强度外加辐射热流条件的着火引燃实验,分析了电力电缆点燃时间、受热期间涂层对电缆外护套的保护与涂层受热后的形态变化。结果表明,电缆的着火行为与涂层厚度紧密相关。相比于未喷涂防火涂料的电缆,覆有膨胀型高氯化聚乙烯防火涂料的电缆在加热过程中明显膨胀,生成较软的泡沫状碳质层,且引燃时间较长,电缆起火后火势较弱。随着涂层厚度的增加,该涂料对电缆的阻燃和保护效果更为显著,研究结果表明,电缆表面喷涂1.0 mm厚度的防火涂料较为适宜。     

高压开关柜阻燃绝缘件在役老化诱发着火事故的综合分析

高压开关柜长期连续运行在高温高湿环境下,内部的阻燃绝缘件会老化而导致性能劣化,进而引起电弧击穿乃至着火事故。为揭示绝缘件样品老化对其击穿与引燃特性的影响机制,针对已在役运行12年开关柜内老化阻燃固封极柱样品和同配方新样品,开展了微观形貌、热重-差示扫描量热、热重-红外光谱和微量燃烧特性综合分析。结果表明：开关柜内的长期电热应力易使环氧树脂绝缘材料的微观结构产生破坏,内部易产生孔洞和裂纹,导致其绝缘性能下降;开关柜内的高温环境易使绝缘材料内部分子链缓慢断裂,导致老化样品更易受热分解;同时,柜内高温高湿环境既可使其材料内部孔隙吸湿而降低绝缘性能,还易导致磷系阻燃剂吸潮氧化,降低其阻燃性能;最后,与新样品相比,12年老化样品在升温初期的燃烧释热更高,一旦形成击穿电弧,更易着火燃烧。研究结果为高压开关柜因绝缘件老化失效而形成击穿起火事故提供了分析要点,并可作为未来更高性能阻燃绝缘件的优化设计依据。