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排序方式: 共有596条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Agata Gallipoli Camilla M. Bragugli Andrea Gianico Daniele Montecchio Pamela Pagliaccia 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(3):167-179
Biowaste valorization through anaerobic digestion is an attractive option to achieve both climate protection goals and renewable energy production. In this paper, a complete set of batch trials was carried out on kitchen waste to investigate the effects of mild thermal pretreatment, temperature regimen and substrate/inoculum ratio. Thermal pretreatment was effective in the solubilisation of macromolecular fractions, particularly carbohydrates. The ability of the theoretical methodologies in estimating hydrogen and methane yields of complex substrates was evaluated by comparing the experimental results with the theoretical values. Despite the single batch configuration, a significant initial hydrogen production was observed, prior to methane yield. Main pretreatment effect was the gain in hydrogen production; the extent was highly variable according to the other parameters values. High hydrogen yields, up to 113 mL H2/g VSfed, were related to the prompt transformation of soluble sugars. Thermophilic regimen resulted, as expected, in faster digestions (up to 78 mL CH4/gVS/day) and sorted out pH inhibition. The relatively low methane yields (342–398 mL CH4/g VSfed) were the result of the consistent lignocellulosic content and low lipid content. Thermal pretreatment proved to be a promising option for the enhancement of hydrogen production in food waste dark fermentation. 相似文献
2.
本文研究了钴(Ⅱ)催化过氧化氢氧化苯基荧光酮的褪色反应,测定了反应级数和表观活化能,建立了测定痕量地的新方法。25℃时本法检出限为29×10-13g/ml,线性范围为0.04~2ng/10ml,催化反应表观活化能为56.15KJ/mol。该方法己用于维生素B12、人发和茶叶中痕量钴的测定.结果满意,相对标准偏差为2.4~3.4%。 相似文献
3.
选择双氧水作氧化剂,将具有恶臭气味的涕灭威生产的副产物甲硫醚氧化成无臭的二甲基亚砜。通过实验,优化了工艺条件,减少了安全隐患,提高了二甲基亚砜的产率,消除了恶臭污染。 相似文献
4.
Andreas Züttel 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(3):343-365
Hydrogen storage and transportation or distribution is closely linked together. Hydrogen can be distributed continuously in
pipelines or batch wise by ships, trucks, railway or airplanes. All batch transportation requires a storage system but also
pipelines can be used as pressure storage system. Hydrogen exhibits the highest heating value per weight of all chemical fuels.
Furthermore, hydrogen is regenerative and environment friendly. There are two reasons why hydrogen is not the major fuel of
toady’s energy consumption: First of all, hydrogen is just an energy carrier. And, although it is the most abundant element
in the universe, it has to be produced, since on earth it only occurs in the form of water. This implies that we have to pay
for this energy, which results in a difficult economic task, because since the industrialization we are used to consuming
energy for free. The second difficulty with hydrogen as an energy carrier is the low critical temperature of 33 K, i.e. hydrogen
is a gas at room temperature. For mobile and in many cases also for stationary applications the volumetric and gravimetric
density of hydrogen in a storage system is crucial. Hydrogen can be stored by six different methods and phenomena: high pressure
gas cylinders (up to 800 bar), liquid hydrogen in cryogenic tanks (at 21 K), adsorbed hydrogen on materials with a large specific
surface area (at T < 100 K), absorbed on interstitial sites in a host metal (at ambient pressure and temperature), chemically bond in covalent
and ionic compounds (at ambient pressure), oxidation of reactive metals e.g. Li, Na, Mg, Al, Zn with water. These metals easily
react with water to the corresponding hydroxide and liberate the hydrogen from the water. Finally, the metal hydroxides can
be thermally reduced to the metals in a solar furnace. 相似文献
5.
炼油厂恶臭污染物的防治 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
朱红 《石油化工环境保护》2004,27(1):33-35
论述了炼厂恶臭气体的防治方法,主要从密闭的生产装置、酸性水储罐及污水处理系统几个方面进行了分析并提出了目前为解决恶臭污染采取的方法。 相似文献
6.
紫外—双氧水和亚铁离子体系对硝基苯光降解的研究 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:18
研究了以500W直管高压汞灯为光源,在双氧水和亚铁离子的体系中,对硝基苯进行光降解的可能性。结果表明,在实验条件下,本系统对硝基苯有明显的降解效果。浓度为50mg/L的硝基苯经过60min的光照,其降解率可达91.7%。此外,还探讨 铁离子浓度、双氧水浓度、硝基苯浓度、pH值等因素对光降解的影响。 相似文献
7.
8.
Tohru Kamo Kanji Takaoka Junichiro Otomo Hiroshi Takahashi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2006,8(2):109-115
Steam gasification of dehydrochlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) or activated carbon was carried out in the presence of
various alkali compounds at 3.0 MPa and 560°C–660°C in a batch reactor or in a semi-batch reactor with a flow of nitrogen
and steam. Hydrogen and sodium carbonate were the main products, and methane and carbon dioxide were the minor products. Yields
of hydrogen were high in the presence of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. The acceleration effect of the alkali compounds
on the gasification reaction was as follows: KOH > NaOH > Ca(OH)2 > Na2CO3. The rate of gasification increased with increasing partial steam pressure and NaOH/C molar ratio. However, the rate became
saturated at a molar ratio of NaOH/C greater than 2.0. 相似文献
9.
火灾是一种灾害性燃烧现象 ,给人员和财产安全带来极大损失。氯化氢 (HCl)是火灾烟气中阻碍人员逃生的最重要的刺激性气体之一。以典型的小尺度和大尺度实验为例 ,分析了加热程度和通风供氧对常用有机材料起火后释放HCl的影响 ,发现不论小尺度还是大尺度 ,HCl的形成只与燃烧过程有关 ,与氧化过程无关 ,HCl的生成率不随通风情况不同而改变。实验中影响HCl释放的主要因素是热 (辐射加热热流密度或温度 )。当超过CCl键发生断裂的温度后 ,继续升温HCl释放速率不发生改变 ,出现稳定释放阶段。在反映HCl释放过程不同尺度间存在共性 ,因此 ,利用小尺度的结果进行释放规律内在机理的探索是合理的方法 相似文献
10.
超声-双氧水和亚铁离子体系处理含酚废水研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
在实验装置上对超声-双氧水和亚铁离子体系联合处理含酚废水进行了实验研究。主要考察了废水初始pH值、初始双氧水浓度、超声功率、反应时间等因素对酚去除率的影响。实验结果表明:超声辐射可以在双氧水和亚铁离子体系氧化过程中起加速反应的作用,而且随着超声功率的增大,加速反应的能力增强;实验条件下废水初始pH值为4~6.8,初始双氧水浓度为140mg/L时酚去除效果最佳;超声-双氧水和亚铁离子体系处理含酚废水过程中苯酚的降解规律符合表现一级反应。 相似文献