关于防范环境突发事件的探索和思考

从环保工作实际出发,阐述了防范环境突发事件的3个长效机制,即排查潜在事故隐患,建立信息系统;依据信息指标,建立预警系统;控制污染事态,构建应急处理系统.     

页岩气加砂压裂高压管汇失效爆裂风险 控制措施研究与实践

随着页岩气平台井工厂化压裂施工启动,在大排量、高压力、长时间施工条件下,高压管汇失效爆裂大幅增加。为减少高压管汇在压裂过程中失效爆裂风险,运用故障假设、因果分析法从人的因素、物的因素、技术工艺、生产管理、工作环境5个方面分析事故的原因,提出了提升采购产品质量、修订完善高压管汇使用技术规范和管理制度、实施专业化管理、应用大数据管理高压管汇、优化现场地面高压管汇流程分配布局设计与联接工艺等高压管汇失效爆裂风险预防控制措施和失效后应急安全防护措施,建立了生命周期全过程、专业化的高压管汇失效爆裂防控与应急防护体系,实现风险可防受控。为页岩气压裂作业的安全提供了参考。     

Immunosuppression in the infaunal bivalve Scrobicularia plana environmentally exposed to mercury and association with its accumulation

This study aimed to test the hypothesis whether mercury (Hg) activates or suppresses inappropriately the immunity of the bivalve Scrobicularia plana inhabiting a Hg contaminated area (Laranjo basin, Ria de Aveiro, Portugal). Immunity endpoints, as well as lipid peroxidation (LPO) as a sign of damage, were evaluated in parallel with total Hg burden. Bivalves from both moderately (MO) and highly (HI) contaminated sites displayed higher haemolymph Hg load and reduced plasma agglutination. Increased haemocytes density and decreased phagocytosis were observed at HI, whereas increased oxidative burst activity (OBA) was observed at MO, pointing out that the immunotoxicity is a result of Hg direct contact involving no ROS intervention. OBA observed at MO was concomitantly associated to peroxidative damage as depicted by LPO increase in haemocytes and haemolymph plasma. Thus, S. plana can be suggested as a suitable bioindicator of metal pollution in coastal areas on the basis of Hg bioaccumulation and immunotoxicity responses.     

行星传动起升机构飞车原因分析

建立行星传动起升机构电动机飞车的模型,计算电动机失电后各瞬间重物的速度、加速度,电动机的转速,从而分析事故的原因。     

采动影响下断层滑移失稳研究

为研究采动影响下活动断层的滑移情况,以抚顺矿区老虎台矿为背景,建立了采动条件下覆岩运动的突变力学模型,确定了断层发生滑动的必要条件;运用UDEC数值模拟软件对工作面开采条件下断层活动进行分析,现场工业性试验对断层活动进行监测和验证。结果表明,断层失稳的必要条件为刚度值k≤1,刚度比随着开采深度的增加而逐渐降低;当弹性段采出厚度大于85 m时,F25断层具备了发生滑动的必要条件,易发生冲击地压。83003工作面开采后,F25断层下盘位移基本不变,上盘位移活动幅度较大,最大位移达到了5~7m;锚索测力计的应力变化与断层活动具有较大的相关性,当锚索测力计数值突变时,表明断层已经活动,锚索测力计数值突变越大,预示冲击地压和矿震能量越大。     

新型矿用圆弧形薄壁防冲吸能装置屈曲特性数值分析*

为解决支架面对冲击地压产生的强冲作用容易失效、失稳的难题,针对现有矿用防冲吸能装置存在的不足,提出1种新型矿用圆弧形薄壁防冲吸能装置。采用ABAQUS有限元数值模拟方法对新型防冲吸能装置与原有方形预折纹薄壁装置进行对比分析,同时研究新型防冲吸能装置在不同壁厚和不同轴向模块堆积个数情况下的屈曲特性。结果表明:圆弧形薄壁装置相比于方形折纹薄壁装置在相同厚度情况下其总吸能提升近20%,比吸能提高63%,装置防冲优势明显;在装置高度不变的情况下增加模块轴向堆积个数可有效降低压溃峰值荷载、荷载波动系数,增加平均压溃荷载;随着装置薄壁厚度降低,压溃峰值荷载、压溃平均荷载、总吸能与比吸能均降低,荷载波动系数增加,曲线波动性变大。     

Effect of the vent burst pressure on explosion venting of rich methane-air mixtures in a cylindrical vessel

The effect of the vent burst pressure on explosion venting of a rich methane-air mixture was experimentally investigated in a small cylindrical vessel. The experimental results show that Helmholtz oscillation of the internal flame bubble of the methane-air mixture can occur in a vessel with a vent area much smaller than that reported by previous researchers, and the period of Helmholtz oscillation decreases slightly when the vent burst pressure increases. The maximum overpressure in the vessel increases approximately linearly with the increase in the vent burst pressure; however, the pressure peaks induced by Helmholtz oscillation always remain approximately several kilopascals. The external flame reaches its maximum length in a few milliseconds after vent failure and then oscillates in accordance with the pressure oscillation in the vessel. The maximum length of the external flame increases, but its duration time decreases with the increase in the vent burst pressure.     

诱导式防冲支护装置的屈曲吸能特性研究

基于薄壁管件屈曲吸能原理,设计了具有特殊形状的诱导式防冲支护装置,应用于一种新式巷道吸能防冲液压支架中,旨在当突发围岩冲击时,通过装置自身及时的变形让位过程,应对支架遭受的冲击破坏作用并快速吸收其携带的冲击能,从而支架结构受到保护,围岩稳定性与巷道的整体性得到保障。防冲支护装置的承载力与吸能量通过吸能理论分析与计算获得;利用ABAQUS大型分析软件模拟两种防冲支护装置结构形式的变形吸能过程,在轴向加载的条件下进行单节支护装置准静态压缩试验。结果表明:单节防冲支护装置支护力大,比吸能高,吸能量大,总体吸能效果好。防冲支护装置吸能特性研究,为解决当下冲击地压发生时巷道支护安全问题提供了新方法。     

基于GA-ELM的冲击地压危险性预测研究

为提高冲击地压预测的效率和准确率,在分析冲击地压影响因素的基础上,提出了一种将遗传算法(GA)与极限学习机(ELM)相结合的冲击地压预测的新方法。为了避免ELM受输入权值矩阵和隐含层偏差随机性的影响,算法采用GA对ELM的输入权值矩阵和隐含层偏差进行优化,建立GA-ELM冲击地压预测模型。利用某矿冲击地压统计数据对该模型进行了实例分析,将ELM、SVM和BP算法预测结果与该模型进行了对比分析。结果表明:GA-ELM模型具有较高的预测精度,可以相对准确、有效地对冲击地压发生的可能性进行预测。     

巷道超前支护装备的防冲击控制策略研究

针对冲击地压会对巷道超前支护装备产生冲击等不利影响,提出一种基于改进型扰动观测器的控制方法。该方法在常规扰动观测器基础上,增加两个控制器,对理想模型控制器的输出进行动态补偿。使控制器不仅能够对频率较低的外界扰动进行抑制,同时能够对高频的测量噪声干扰进行消除。对其进行数值仿真与模拟实验,结果表明改进后控制方法能够有效降低冲击地压对超前支护装备产生的不利影响。