Dynamic behaviour of direct spring loaded pressure relief valves in gas service: II reduced order modelling

A previous study of gas-service direct-spring pressure relief valves connected to a tank via a straight pipe is continued by deriving a reduced-order model for predicting oscillatory instabilities such as valve flutter and chatter. The reduction process uses collocation to take into account a finite number N of acoustic pressure waves within the pipe, resulting in a set of 2N+3 ordinary differential equations. Following a novel non-dimensionalization, it is shown analytically that the model can exhibit, at experimentally realistic parameter values, instabilities associated with coupling between the valve and acoustic waves in the pipe. The thresholds for each instability are such that for a given flow rate, the first mode to go unstable as the inlet pipe length increases is the quarter-wave mode, then a three-quarter wave, a 5/4-wave etc. Thus the primary mode of instability should always be due to the quarter wave. In the limit of low flow rates, a simple approximate expression is found for the quarter-wave instability threshold in the form of inlet pipe length against mass flow rate. This threshold curve is found to agree well with simulation of the full model. For higher flow rates there is a need to include fluid convection, inlet pressure loss and pipe friction in order to get good agreement. The reduced model enables the dependence of the stability curve on key dimensionless physical parameters to be readily computed.     

移动通风槽技术在攀钢炼铁高炉矿槽除尘系统的应用

采用移动通风槽技术对攀钢炼铁高炉矿槽除尘系统槽上原有吸尘点进行改造,改造后达到节能减排、降低成本的目的,具有一定的经济效益及环境效益.     

Lipp制罐技术在污水处理工程应用中的建筑设计与施工

采用利浦 (Lipp)制罐技术应用于工业污水处理和城市污水处理工程当中在我国已逐步得到推广 ,并越来越显示出其优越性。阐述了与Lipp罐体相关的建筑设计与施工以及利浦技术在工程实践中应注意的问题。     

Dynamic behavior of direct spring loaded pressure relief valves in gas service: Model development,measurements and instability mechanisms

A synthesis of previous literature is used to derive a model of an in-service direct-spring pressure relief valve. The model couples low-order rigid body mechanics for the valve to one-dimensional gas dynamics within the pipe. Detailed laboratory experiments are also presented for three different commercially available values, for varying mass flow rates and length of inlet pipe. In each case, violent oscillation is found to occur beyond a critical pipe length, which may be triggered either on valve opening or closing. The test results compare favorably to the simulations using the model. In particular, the model reveals that the mechanism of instability is a Hopf bifurcation (flutter instability) involving the fundamental, quarter-wave pipe mode. Furthermore, the concept of the effective area of the valve as a function of valve lift is shown to be useful in explaining sudden jumps observed in the test data. It is argued that these instabilities are not alleviated by the 3% inlet line loss criterion that has recently been proposed as an industry standard.     

综掘工作面卸压槽防突措施试验研究

通过对卸压槽防突机理的系统分析 ,研制了直接利用掘进机自身动力驱动和控制开挖连续卸压槽装置 ,进行了水平槽、两帮竖槽开挖工艺试验 ,成功地开挖出连续卸压槽 ,对卸压槽的瓦斯排放效果、有效排放半径进行了考察。试验结果表明 ,卸压槽有效地消除了激发突出的应力 ,排放了煤体中的瓦斯 ,增大了煤体抑制突出的阻力 ,很好地起到了综合防突的作用。     

忻州窑煤矿5931巷道卸压槽防冲模拟与试验研究

采用理论分析、数值模拟与现场试验相结合的方法,对忻州窑煤矿5931巷道卸压槽防冲效果进行研究.数学推导了巷道底板岩层轴向力,分析了巷道底鼓原因.根据煤岩体静载破坏理论,确定了巷道卸压槽防冲技术方案.并运用FLAC3D数值软件模拟布置卸压槽巷道围岩应力、变形状态,从模拟结果可以看出,卸压槽具有很好的防冲作用.最后,选取部分5931巷道开展卸压槽防冲试验,布槽巷道围岩变形量明显减小,与模拟结果较为一致,同时,声发射现象显著减弱,证实卸压槽有好的防冲效果.     

超声波明渠流量计实地运行准确性验证方法的探讨

通过对现场安装后的量水堰槽几何尺寸测定和安装技术规范性的核准，研究超声波明渠流量计实地安装后计量准确性的验证方法。     

电动振动台动圈的金属绕线壁筒及其加强环的涡流影响的限制与消除

本文阐述了在电动振动台动圈的金属绕线壁筒及其上下加强环中产生的涡流电流对振动台性能的各种影响,并对其有害影响提出了限制与消除的多种实用方法,且论述了上述各种方法的作用机理.特别是文中提出的"全开槽"的创新解决方案,曾为我国振动试验机制造行业攻克动圈涡流影响的这个共同性的重大技术难关闯出了一条成功之路.虽然此"全开槽"方案的提出已有30多年了,在这期间,世界振动试验机行业已取得了长足的进步,但文中的论点及其实验数据,仍然对当今的电动振动台的研制与生产有着现实的指导意义.与文中所述的第⑤种动圈结构相同的具有上加强环"全开槽"的金属台面部与非金属绕线壁筒组成的两体式动圈骨架结构形式已成为当今国际主流的动圈骨架结构形式,由此可见:"全开槽"的方案无疑是消除涡流有害影响的最有效的途径.     

考虑横缝键槽咬合的拱坝地震响应分析

基于非线性指数型动接触本构模型,对实际键槽模型进行简化处理。采用的本构模型可以考虑缝面的开合非线性以及横缝键槽的咬合作用。采用点-面接触模型模拟横缝的非线性动接触行为,精细研究了缝面开度、径向位移的变化及其对坝体应力状态的影响,并与平缝结果进行了比较。以一座拟建的混凝土重力拱坝,探讨了横缝及其诱导缝对大坝工作性态的影响,并对横缝键槽的影响进行了综合分析。研究表明,横缝的径向滑移量要远大于开度,当考虑诱导缝时,由于大坝整体性受到削弱,横缝开度变大;考虑键槽效应后,径向滑移效应大幅减小,而法向开度增大,坝踵处的主拉应力以及拱冠梁顶处的拱向拉应力的最大值均变大。     

水幕隔尘用缝隙喷口的边界流线构造与出流速度分布

为解决常规水幕除尘装置阻隔巷道或隧道的问题,基于势流叠加原理,推导缝隙喷口边界流线方程,构造喷口流线型边界线。在SolidWorks中利用流线型边界线形成二维面,拉伸得到三维结构;针对该喷口及现有锥形缝隙喷口,采用CFD软件中的Realizable k-ε湍流模型,完成内部流场的数值模拟。研究结果表明：入水口附近存在流动分离,该分离影响出水端速度衰减快慢;相比常规锥形喷口,流线型缝隙喷口的内部流场稳定性提高,全段出流曲线上出流速度离散程度下降46.98%,等速核心区离散程度下降42.93%,研究结果可用以指导水幕隔尘用缝隙喷口的研发。