皮革废物铬革屑的微生物学处理研究Ⅱ:降解革屑微生物的发酵条件及其蛋白酶的降解研究

在以皮胶原为碳、氮源时其最适产酶条件为ｐ Ｈ７ ,３０ ℃,高产酶时间为４ ｄ ．经 Ｃａ（ Ｏ Ｈ）２ 预处理革屑不能有效促进该菌对革屑的降解,但可使大部分 Ｃｒ３ ＋ 沉淀而除去．经该株蛋白酶的粗提及性质实验,确定酶的最适反应条件为４０ Ｃ、ｐ Ｈ７ ．０ ～８ ．０ , Ｃｒ３ ＋ 对酶有轻度的抑制作用,以２ ．２６ ％ 的粗酶作用于革屑,水解率达５０ ％ 以上     

F/M对活性污泥微生物生态网络的影响

为深入理解有机负荷率(F/M)对活性污泥(AS)微生物群落的影响,以F/M(以BOD/MLVSS计,下同)设计建议范围0.2～0.5 kg·(kg·d)-1为依据,将采集的AS样品分为3组,运用基于随机矩阵理论(RMT)的网络分析方法,解析了不同F/M条件下的AS微生物生态网络拓扑性质及结构特征.结果表明,较低的F/M...     

基于以太网通信的云台及镜头控制解码器的实现

随着技术进步,e网到底型控制系统越来越受到业界的重视。采用AVR系列单片机中性能较高的ATmega128加网络控制器RTL8019AS组成以太网控制器最小系统,并在此基础上移植8位机中常用的uIP协议栈,可实现以太网通信,从而可以在以太网上传输解码器的控制命令,实现可靠的网络控制。     

Intermittently aerated EMMC-Biobarrel (entrapped mixed microbial cell with Bio-barrel) process for concurrent organic and nitrogen removal

The PEMMC-Biobarrel (packed-bed of entrapped mixed microbial cells with Bio-barrel) process and MEMMC-Biobarrel (moving EMMC-Biobarrel) process were investigated for enhancing concurrent organic and nitrogen removal with applied intermittent aeration. For the PEMMC-Biobarrel process, the EMMC-Biobarrel carriers were employed at a packing ratio of 20%. In the MEMMC-Biobarrel process, the EMMC-Biobarrel carriers with a packing ratio of 10% were added along with the activated sludge (AS) in the bioreactor. Three different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 9, 6 and 4 h were applied. Aeration was provided intermittently at time schedules of 1 h air on/1 h air off, 1 h on/1.5 h off and 1 h on/2 h off. Nitrogen removal in the PEMMC-Biobarrel system was not improved by increasing the intermittent non-aeration time period. On the other hand, the MEMMC-Biobarrel process enhanced nitrogen removal with increasing non-aeration time even though the SCOD/N(TIN) ratio decreased from 6 to 4. Significant denitrification during the aeration cycle was observed in the MEMMC-Biobarrel process. The MEMMC-Biobarrel process demonstrated the most efficient organic and nitrogen removal at an HRT of 6 h with an intermittent aeration time schedule of 1 h on/2 h off. Nitrogen removal of 80% was achieved, which was about 15% higher compared to the AS system. TCOD and SCOD removal efficiencies were 80% and 75%, respectively.     

AS/PDM复合混凝剂对冬季太湖原水除藻效果研究

由聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDM)与硫酸铝(AS)制成的系列稳定AS/PDM复合混凝剂,用于冬季太湖原水的除藻效果研究.通过混凝除藻实验,考察了复合混凝剂加药量、AS与PDM复配质量比(20∶1～5∶1)、PDM特征黏度(0.55～3.99 dL/g)对除藻效果的影响,分析了使用复合混凝剂替代预加氯工艺的可行性.结果表明,对原水使用AS、AS/PDM(0.55/20∶1～3.99/5∶1)复合混凝剂后的余浊达到2 NTU的水厂沉淀出水浊度标准时,其加药量(以Al₂Ｏ₃计)分别为4.24 mg/L、 3.96～1.87 mg/L,除藻率分别为83.00%、 87.52%～90.93%;加药量为4.24 mg/L时,其除藻率分别为83.00%、 88.29%～97.66%,余浊分别为2.00 NTU、 1.76～0.43 NTU.对加氯水的加药量为4.50 mg/L时,AS/PDM(1.53/10∶1)复合混凝剂对原水的处理效果优于AS对加氯水的处理效果;AS/PDM(3.99/5∶1)复合混凝剂对原水的处理效果优于AS、AS/PDM(0.55/20∶1)、AS/PDM(1.53/10∶1)复合混凝剂对加氯水的处理效果.因此,AS/PDM复合混凝剂可明显提高AS对冬季太湖原水的处理效果,与单独使用AS相比,余浊达标时节省加药量,加药量相等时提高处理效果.此外,使用复合混凝剂还可替代预氯氧化工艺中加氯对混凝除藻作用的部分功能,有利于提高水质安全性.     

地下水LNAPL层的原位曝气模拟研究

曝气法(Air sparging,AS)已经成为修复地下水、土壤有机污染的重要技术,与数值模拟技术相结合可优化修复条件。文章利用TMVOC多相流模型研究了地下水位处LNAPL层的迁移转化,并通过情景模拟比较曝气法对污染修复的贡献率。只考虑地下水水流的对流-弥散作用时,目标污染物苯并没有得到彻底去除,只是通过下边界流出。60 d苯的质量损失率仅为1.79%;而连续曝气30 d后苯的去除率就可达到31.4%,最终脉冲曝气苯的损失率为44.8%。增大曝气量能提高气相渗透率及气相-液相接触面积,扩大污染物修复范围;当超过某一值(12 m3/h),其增量对污染物修复影响甚微。当曝气点位于低渗透岩层下方时,低渗透岩层会阻碍气流的垂向迁移,位于低渗透岩层上方的污染物很难得到除去。曝气法适用于溶解、挥发性较好的污染物。     

Sustainable development as freedom

There has been considerable debate about how best to define sustainable development. In this commentary, I argue that Amartya Sen's concept of 'development as freedom' is the appropriate theoretical framework for understanding sustainable development. Environmentalists should consider defining their goal as 'sustainable development as freedom,' the achievement of the greatest possible level of freedom without restricting the access of future generations to these same freedoms. The adoption of this framework has implications for the work of environmental NGOs, which are briefly discussed.     

Purification of AS-CMP effluent by combined photosynthetic bacteria and coagulation treatment

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｐｕｌｐａｎｄｐａｐｅｒｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｉｓａｍａｊｏｒｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｏｒｔｏｗａｔｅｒｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｈｉｎａ.Ｉｎ1995,ｔｈｅｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｄｂｙｐｕｌｐａｎｄｐａｐｅｒｉｎｄｕｓｔ...     

PESD测试中静电枪表现的性能的研究

在本文中,我们介绍了两种不同类型的ESD静电枪(ESS-200AX和ESD 3000),分别用两种ESD静电枪对芯片进行抗干扰度测试,研究两种类型的ESD静电枪对同种样本芯片表现的性能。结果显示,对于完全符合IEC 61000-4-2要求的不同的ESD静电枪表现出不完全的一致性。为了比较IC的ESD性能,我们目前主要采用同一系列的芯片采用相同的ESD静电枪进行测试。     

Fe2+/Fe3+氧化还原系统预处理色酚废水的试验

介绍了采用Fe2+/Fe3+氧化还原系统对色酚废水进行预处理的工艺流程,确定了最佳工艺参数。研究结果表明,当还原反应的pH为9~11,反应时间20 min;氧化反应的pH为5.5~6,反应时间为30 min;FeSO4.7H2O加入量为5 kg/t废水时,CODCr去除率为75%~80%,并且处理后出水的色度、苯胺含量有明显改善,可生化性大大提高,十分有利于后续的生化处理。