Sharing the geo-Referenced Results of Climate Change Impact Research

The Prairie Adaptation Research Collaborative (PARC) has implemented an Internet Map Server (IMS) at the PARC web site (www.parc.ca) to 1) disseminate the geo-referenced results of PARC sponsored research on climate change impacts and adaptation, and 2) address data, information and knowledge management within the PARC network of researchers and partners. PARC facilitates interdisciplinary research on adaptation to the impacts of climate change in the Canadian Prairie Provinces. The web site is intended as a platform for sharing information and encouraging discussion of climate change impacts and adaptation. The IMS enables scientists and stakeholders to apply simple climate change scenarios to geo-referenced biophysical and social data, and dynamically create maps that display the geographic distribution of potential impacts of climate change. With a limited capacity for spatial analysis, most geo-processing and the climate impact modeling is done offline within a GIS environment. The IMS will serve the output from climate impact models, such that the model results can be customized by the web site user and be most readily applied to the planning and analysis of adaptation strategies.     

风能资源评估系统开发与应用

开发风能资源、利用风力发电在我国虽然只有数十年，但其发展却很快，风能作为可再生的清洁能源也越来越受到重视。风能资源评估作为风电资源开发的前提，是风力机选址的关键。介绍了以Visual Basic为开发工具，利用SQL Server为数据库开发而成的风能资源评估系统的结构和特点。经实践证明，本系统缩短了风能资源评价周期，提高了数据处理可靠性。     

土与结构相互作用体系振动台模型试验数值模拟研究(英文)

运用土与结构动力相互作用 (SSI)有限元三维分析软件 SASSI2 0 0 0对一个土与结构动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验进行了模拟计算。对振动台模型试验作了简单的介绍 ,并详细叙述了试验的建模方法。对于试验中的刚性地基和柔性地基条件 ,El- centro波、Taft波和 5 0年超越概率为 10 %的南京人工波等三种地震波输入 ,三个加速度峰值水平 0 .1g、0 .2 g、0 .3g及两个水平向地震波输入的各种组合工况均进行了计算。在数值计算中 ,假设地基土为覆盖于基岩上的半无限粘弹性水平成层土 ,采用等效线性模型考虑土的动力非线性的影响 ;上部结构用三维杆系有限元单元模拟 ,楼板用四结点壳单元模拟 ,每个结点有三个平动自由度和三个转动自由度 ,模型试验中所施加的人工质量均匀分布于壳单元上 ;基础视为平板基础 ,用八结点块体单元模拟 ,每个结点有三个平动自由度。将试验结果与计算结果进行对比较 ,结果表明 :计算所建立的模型较好地模拟了相互作用体系在地震荷载下的反应性状 ,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好 ,SSI效应对结构地震反应有很大影响     

基于ArcIMS的旅游安全管理系统

结合旅游业的特点,即综合性、敏感性、涉外性或国际性,提出旅游安全管理系统应该包括:灾前的防范系统、灾时的抗灾系统以及灾后的评估善后系统3大部分的设计思路。将相应的旅游重大危险源监控系统的功能定为:以行政监察、社会监督、行业自律和应急救援体系为主的宏观管理系统。阐述了Web GIS的优点并推荐了一种构建Web GIS的新技术———ArcIMS,利用ArcIMS的系统构建的旅游安全管理系统具有功能健全、管理方便、系统成熟和安全可靠的诸多优点;同时整个系统的构建相对于其他Web GIS系统的开发而言,技术难度比较低、开发速度比较快,而且系统运行相对稳定,减轻了系统维护的负担。最后,结合旅游安全信息流的特点,具体阐述了运用ArcIMS作为旅游安全管理系统的平台的合理性和可行性。     

燃煤电厂烟塔合一排烟风洞试验与数值模拟对比分析

近年来,燃煤电厂烟塔合一烟气排烟对近距离环境影响的不确定性,使其在国内的推广过程受到一定限制。准确判断烟塔合一排烟的环境影响,对于我国现有燃煤电厂烟气污染物的排放有着巨大的工程价值和明显的现实意义。利用国家环境保护某重点实验室中风洞试验平台,对燃煤电厂烟塔合一烟气污染物在近距离的扩散和传输行为,进行物理风洞试验以及数值模拟计算,并进行对比分析。结果表明:德国Austal2000模式的浓度预测并不精确;数值风洞也有其差异性,而物理风洞的结果在很大程度上符合现有的理论及国内工程实际。     

Ecological risk and accessibility analysis to assess the impact of roads under Habitats Directive

We propose a method for the appropriate assessment of adverse effects of roads in compliance with the European Union Habitats Directive. The method incorporates an analysis of ecological risk of edge effects by the proposed roads with the related increase in accessibility. The method was tested on 30 km of planned forest roads inside an 8,000-ha reserve included in two Natura 2000 sites. As a result, the cumulative effect of 19 road segments was judged as not significantly affecting the integrity of the sites, although they made accessible an extra 314 ha. On the basis of the accessibility calculation, 20 ha of land were set aside from forest exploitation as a mandatory mitigation measure. The method objectively determined the cumulative adverse effects, enabled comparison of plan revisions and alternatives and proved to measure direct and indirect significant effects with a realistic effort in terms of field survey and geographic information system processing.     

Integrated analysis of the effects of agricultural management on nitrogen fluxes at landscape scale

The integrated modelling system INITIATOR was applied to a landscape in the northern part of the Netherlands to assess current nitrogen fluxes to air and water and the impact of various agricultural measures on these fluxes, using spatially explicit input data on animal numbers, land use, agricultural management, meteorology and soil. Average model results on NH₃ deposition and N concentrations in surface water appear to be comparable to observations, but the deviation can be large at local scale, despite the use of high resolution data. Evaluated measures include: air scrubbers reducing NH₃ emissions from poultry and pig housing systems, low protein feeding, reduced fertilizer amounts and low-emission stables for cattle. Low protein feeding and restrictive fertilizer application had the largest effect on both N inputs and N losses, resulting in N deposition reductions on Natura 2000 sites of 10% and 12%, respectively.     

Cause,catalyst or conjunction? The influence of the Habitats Directive on policy instrument choice in Member States

In the process of implementing EU policy, Member States sometimes introduce new policy instruments in cases where this is not obligatory. To better understand this phenomenon, this paper reviews three cases in which new instruments emerged and develops a methodology to trace back the influence of EU Directives on instrument choice. The method is illustrated by a narrative of the emergence of new management planning instruments during the implementation of the EU Habitats Directive in three EU Member States: Finland, Hungary and the Netherlands. Three key features of a policy instrument are defined, namely, its authoritative force, action content and governance design. These are used to measure the contribution of the Habitats Directive compared to other potential explanatory causes for the emergence of the new policy instrument. In all three reviewed countries a nested causal relationship between the Habitats Directive and the introduction of the new policy instrument is identified. Based on the relative contribution of the Habitats Directive to the emergence of the new instrument a distinction is made whether the Directive acted as a cause, catalyst or if conjunction occurred.     

基于Web的热带气旋灾害信息管理系统的设计与应用

用基于Web的页面显示、业务逻辑、数据访问的B/S三层结构,在Microsoft SQL Server2000和Microsoft Visual Studio2005环境下设计开发了热带气旋灾害数据库信息管理系统。对不同类型的数据,采用多对多的数据映射关系,并以不同的方式进行不同的数据管理。为了将没有统一数据格式的热带气旋灾害信息源数据,能够正确地导入到SQL Server数据库中,编写了专门的C++程序对数据格式化,实现数据格式的BNF定义,同时,在系统的设计中,融入灾害评价方法模型供用户选择使用,并采取多项行之有效的措施以防止SQL注入式攻击。