广西桂林旅游资源的可持续利用

桂林正在由国际性观光型旅游目的地向观光度假型旅游目的地转型。在实现转型的过程中,桂林应进一步优化旅游资源的空间结构,建构旅游资源开发的核心区、联动区与辐射影响区,促进旅游产品质量升级与结构调整,提高桂林在国际旅游市场上的竞争力,实现旅游资源的可持续利用。     

高校数字校园构建过程中教学改革的思考

本文从近年来非常流行的高等学校数字校园构建实践为例，分析了数字校园构建对传统教学模式提出的挑战，以及对教学改革提出的种种要求，并分析了数字校园环境中教师教学、学生学习的新特点，提出了在数字校园环境中，开展教学改革的几点思考。     

The European Conformity Assessment Procedures and the Quality Assurance Instruments for Personal Protective Equipment in the Internal Market

Conformity assessment procedures prescribed by European legislation are presented and their concrete implementation is illustrated by the example of personal protective equipment (PPE). The different categories of PPE defined by Council Directive 89/686/EEC are explained with reference to the applicable conformity assessment elements. Quality assurance of production is presented as the central element of the conformity assessment procedure for complex PPE. Special emphasis is put on the necessity of having a regular exchange of views and information among notified bodies in Europe. Ways in which third countries can eventually carry out conformity assessment on the basis of a contract with the European Community Commission are explained.     

Information presentation compatibility in a simple digital control panel design: eye-tracking study

Various designs of typical digital control panels were analyzed experimentally from both the effectiveness and efficiency points of view. Subjects performed information comparison tasks aimed at keeping vehicle velocity at the same level. The experiment involved two versions of speedometers for displaying current and target velocities (clock-face and digital). The stimuli were also differentiated by the target velocity value (20, 50 and 80?km/h) and the correct response type (increase or decrease). Subjects’ performance results along with the eye-tracking data were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for all 24 experimental conditions.     

关于电器产品电气安全性能在线检测及远程监管系统的研究

为解决出口电器产品电气安全问题,政府部门检验职能逐步转向对整个生产环节进行监管。通过在线检测及远程监管系统的建立,对企业综合信息、产品质量信息、外贸申报信息、政府监管信息等产业链信息进行管理和验证,实现了抽批检验、验证检验、过程检验、型式试验、质量体系监督管理、质量事故追溯等,对产品信息源的真实性、准确性实施有效监控,突破了政府部门传统检验监管发展的瓶颈,在保证监管有效性的同时降低了成本提高了效率。     

Subhabitat selection by foraging threespine stickleback (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gasterosteus aculeatus</Emphasis>): previous experience and social conformity

Any mechanism that allows animals to increase their foraging efficiency is likely to be selected for, including the ability to learn to recognise and subsequently discriminate between habitat types based on their profitability. In a series of laboratory studies, we manipulated prey densities across two different experimental subhabitats and demonstrated that threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) can develop foraging preferences for subhabitats that have previously yielded prey. Fish were not recalling the spatial location of prey patches; rather, they were discriminating between subhabitats based on foraging experience there and allocating foraging effort accordingly. Foraging preferences took around 14 days to develop, and once established, they persisted independently of experimental prey density, suggesting that fish were using experience rather than real-time sampling to select foraging grounds. When we presented focal fish with social information cues, we found that they preferentially used local enhancement and current public information cues when they conflicted with previous experience, but that they did not use prior public information. This suggests that in the presence of conspecifics, individuals prioritise social conformity over the use of private information. We discuss our results in the context of optimal foraging and the trade-offs associated with balancing conflicting private and social information.     

企业资源战略整合与可持续发展

企业的发展是与企业对资源的战略性整合密切相关的。由于企业所处的行业不同 ,行业特性所表现的资源特征也不尽相同。但是 ,就同处于一个行业内的企业来讲 ,其资源的基本构成是相同的。然而 ,这些资源的最终表现形态和结果却有很大的差异 ,因此 ,出现了有的企业兴旺发达 ,有的企业衰落而倒闭。所以 ,研究企业的资源整合对企业的可持续发展有着重要的现实意义     

突发事件人群信息对冲传播演化规律分析研究

为更深入地剖析社会网络中信息传播的对冲规律,基于多智能体建模方法构建人群信息传播模型(agent-social-network model, ASN),该模型包括个体在进行行为决策时的理性及非理性判断因素、典型信息传播机制、个体决策间可能存在的影响关系等典型要素;并结合2个真实的社会关系网络,基于Monte Carlo方法设计传播模拟实验,探讨突发事件人群信息对冲传播演化规律。研究结果表明：一定条件下,负面信息对冲有利于群体内响应人数的增加,必要情况下可主动构建信息对冲机制加速应急信息的扩散和响应速度;从众行为会降低群体的响应人数,需要在应急演练中特别关注社会公众的从众效应并避免其消极影响。研究结果可为突发事件下面向公众的危机信息传播策略制定和推演提供理论参考。     

6项环境监测分析方法标准中钴、铬、钼、钛的不确定度分析及其在达标判定中的应用

研究依据测定不确定度的基本理论和ISO 21748：2017《采用重复性、再现性和正确度评估测量不确定度的导则》,提出了基于中国环境监测分析方法标准多家实验室验证中已获得的数据计算合成标准不确定度的方法,将方法标准中规定的重复性、再现性等指标与合成标准不确定度进行了衔接。分析了近年发布的6项水质监测分析方法标准中钴、铬、钼、钛等4种金属元素的相对合成标准不确定度,结果表明：被测量的浓度是影响方法标准测量不确定度的重要因素。对于火焰原子吸收分光光度法（FAAS）和石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法（GAAS）,样品浓度为方法标准测定下限3倍左右时,测定结果的相对标准不确定度可保持在15%以下;对于电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-AES）,样品浓度为方法标准测定下限3~5倍时,测定结果的相对标准不确定度为12%~17%;对于电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）,钛元素浓度为测定下限3倍左右时,相对标准不确定度在15%以下,而钴、铬、钼的浓度在测定下限40~100倍以上时,相对标准不确定度在15%以下。6项方法标准可分别用于《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838—2002）以及22项水污染物排放标准钴、铬、钼、钛的达标监测。     

Social influences on expressed willingness to pay: results of a deliberative monetary valuation study in Colombia

Deliberative monetary valuation (DMV) methods can support environmental decision making by enabling the exchange of arguments and information to produce more democratic outcomes. The product of a valuation may be an array of expressions of willingness to pay (WTP) by individuals or a collectively agreed monetary value. Concerns have been raised, however, as to whether this product is an outcome of thoughtful and independent decision-making or influenced by social pressures to conform. Our study examines this issue and addresses concerns about the use of DMV, based on a public deliberation of forest conservation in Colombia. We analyzed the impacts of social conformity on WTP under two different decision scenarios: individual and collective. The results suggest that the impacts of social conformity are greater when a collective decision is required. These findings indicate that tensions between the differing goals of DMV could undermine its democratic promise.