Prenatal diagnosis of the hurler syndrome: Report on 40 pregnancies at risk

In 40 pregnancies at risk for the Hurler syndrome 13 affected fetuses were detected by the demonstration of an α-L -iduronidase deficiency and an increased level of ³⁵S-sulphate incorporation. The diagnoses were confirmed by the analysis of fetal tissues and/or cultured fetal skin fibroblasts. Microassays for α-L -iduronidase, using phenyl α-L -iduronide and more recently 4–methyl-umbelliferyl α-L -iduronide, enabled a reliable diagnosis to be made within 15 to 18 days after amniocentesis. ³⁵S-sulphate incorporation has been a valuable adjunct in cases with a low (heterozygote) enzyme activity.     

Carbon isotope ratios in logged and unlogged boreal forests: Examination of the potential for determining wildlife habitat use

Due to assimilation of recycled CO₂ from litter decomposition and photosynthetic changes in carbon fractionation at low light levels, the foliage at the base of a forest is often more depleted in¹³C compared to that exposed to the atmosphere in either the canopy or in open clearings. This is referred to as the canopy effect. African research has indicated that these habitat differences in foliar ¹³C can be substantial enough to affect the carbon isotope ratios of resident fauna. Previous work documenting a 30-year chronology on moose teeth from Isle Royale National Park indicated a progressive depletion in¹³C and suggested that this could be due to forest regrowth following extensive burning. The present study examined the assumption implicit in this hypothesis that foliar ¹³C varies between open and closed boreal forest sites. I found a marginal canopy effect of 2 ¹³C difference between upper canopy and ground flora for a forest in northwestern Ontario and an average difference of 1.2 in under- and mid-story vegetation between closed forests and open clear-cuts. Because of these small differences, the utility of carbon isotope analysis in quantifying temporally integrated exploitation of deforested habitats will be low for northern boreal locations. In denser forests, such as those in the tropics or western North American where the canopy effect can be expected to be much greater, ¹³C analysis may still offer some promise for determining selection by wildlife of disturbed habitats.     

遥感技术在灰霾监测中的应用综述

介绍了灰霾遥感监测的基本原理,论述了基于图像变换的TC法、HOT法和基于反演气溶胶光学厚度的灰霾遥感监测技术,以及造成灰霾天气的秸秆燃烧遥感监测方法.指出卫星遥感技术可以提供大尺度、长时间序列的污染物时空分布特征和变化趋势,以及全球性的大气环境综合遥感数据,是灰霾监测与综合治理的重要途径.     

Assessment of present and future risk to Italian forests and human health: Modelling and mapping

A review of ozone pollution in Italy shows levels largely above the thresholds established by EU regulation for vegetation and human health protection. The Italian air quality monitoring network appears quantitatively inadequate to cover all the territorial surface, because of scarcity and unequal distribution of monitoring sites. By applying the integrated assessment model RAINS-Italy to the year 2000, the whole of Italy exceeds the AOT40 critical level for forest, while Northern and central areas show strong potential of O₃ impact on human health with ∼11% of territory >10 O₃-induced premature deaths. Two scenarios for the year 2020, the Current Legislation and the Maximum Technical Feasible Reduction, show a reduction of AOT40Forest by 29% and 44%, SOMO35 by 31% and 47%, and O₃-induced premature deaths by 32% and 48%, compared to 2000. RAINS-Italy can be used to improve the map quality and cover areas not reached by the national monitoring network.     

国际电工委员会第89技术委员会动态介绍

介绍了ＩＥＣ组织、ＩＥＣＴＣ８９的最新工作开展情况及其制修订标准的主要内容。     

Sulfur Metabolism in Polluted Sphagnum Peat Bogs: A Combined 34S–35S–210Pb Study

The size and isotopic behavior of sulfur pools in²¹⁰Pb-dated peat cores were investigated to obtain aninsight into retention mechanisms of pollutant S in twomountain-top peatlands of the Northern Czech Republic, CentralEurope. The bogs were situated 40 km apart in an area whichbetween the years 1985 and 1995 received as much as 130 kg Sha^-1 yr^-1 from the atmosphere. Vertical peataccretion was faster at Pod Jelení horou (JH) than atVelký moál (VM). Organic carbon-bonded S was themost abundant sulfur pool, constituting 77 and 65 wt. % at JHand VM, respectively. At JH both the S concentration maximumand the highest annual S deposition rate were displaceddownward by more than 20 years (from 1987 to the 1960s)indicating that the buried S is vertically mobile. At VM the Sconcentration was the highest in the topmost 2-cm section eventhough atmospheric S deposition peaked in 1987. Differentmechanisms of S isotope redistribution prevailed in thetopmost peat layers at JH, where a negative ³⁴Sshift occurred, and at VM, where a positive ³⁴Sshift occurred. Bacterial sulfate reduction was responsiblefor the negative ³⁴S shift at JH. One possibleexplanation of the positive ³⁴S shift at VM isrelease of ³²S-enriched products of mineralization duringpeat diagenesis. There was a strong positive correlationbetween the abundance of total and pyrite S along the profiles.The presence of pyrite S at VM (526 ± 60 ppm) suggestedthat even at VM bacterial sulfate reduction occurred. Ananaerobic incubation of JH peat indicated sulfate reductionrate of 600 nmol g^-1 day^-1. The turnover times forinorganic S pools were shorter than for the organic S pools.Cumulative S contents in the Czech peat bogs were found to besignificantly lower than in similar sites in the NortheasternU.S., even though the atmospheric S inputs were more thanthree times higher at the Czech sites. Possible causes of suchdiscrepancy are discussed.     

家庭的远程监控系统设计

时下双职工的家庭越来越多,这样人们就希望当自己在外面的时候也能及时掌握家里发生的紧急情况及控制家里的某些设备的开启与关闭.文中就是根据人们的这一需要设计的家庭远程自动监控设备.此设备应用单片机、TC35i模块、相应的传感器等电子设备来共同完成此项功能.因为此设备应用的是GSM(全球移动通信系统),所以无论人在哪里,都可以监视控制家里的情况,只要拥有一部手机就可以了.     

活性污泥对四环素的吸附性能研究

通过批量平衡法研究了四环素在活性污泥上的吸附行为.结果表明,污泥混合液浓度和四环素初始浓度对吸附平衡时间、污泥吸附量和污泥吸附率均有较大影响.伪二级反应动力学模型较伪一级反应动力学模型更符合本吸附实验.在10、25℃条件下,四环素在活性污泥上的吸附行为较符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附量分别是31.14、70.95 mg.g-1;在40℃下,符合Henry模型.应用D-R模型判定吸附类型,10℃(平均吸附能为9.13 kJ.mol-1)下,化学吸附占主导;40℃(平均吸附能为7.07 kJ.mol-1)下,物理吸附占主导.温度升高,污泥对四环素的吸附能力增大.离子交换是四环素在活性污泥上吸附的一种机制.四环素的初始浓度为5、10、20 mg.L-1,钠离子浓度由0 mol.L-1增加到0.1 mol.L-1时,吸附量分别下降15.32%、15.00%、20.12%.当pH在5～10之间时,pH为6的条件下污泥对四环素的吸附量最大.     

TC4钛合金厚板电偶腐蚀与防护研究

目的研究TC4钛合金厚板与铝合金、钢之间发生电偶腐蚀的敏感性。方法通过测定TC4钛合金厚板与铝合金、钢组成的电偶对的电偶电流方法,研究TC4钛合金厚板与上述异种材料之间发生电偶腐蚀的敏感性。结果 TC4钛合金厚板与铝合金、钢接触时极易发生电偶腐蚀,不能直接接触使用,必须采取有效的防护措施。对钛合金和铝合金进行阳极氧化处理,可降低电偶腐蚀敏感性;对钛合金进行阳极氧化处理,同时对钢进行电镀镉-钛处理可以在一定程度上降低电偶腐蚀敏感性。结论 TC4钛合金厚板与铝合金及钢的电偶腐蚀敏感性高,表面处理可以有效降低异种材料的电偶腐蚀敏感性。