均匀设计法处理含硫废水的研究

对钠盐型和铵盐型含硫工业废水进行脱硫处理,采用均匀设计法设计试验,得到定量描述试验内在规律的多元非线性回归方程.用该回归方程计算的预测值与试验结果一致.对影响脱硫效果和脱硫效率的影响因素--絮凝剂投加量、pH以及废水含硫量进行了考察.利用回归方程,对反应体系进行了模拟优化处理.研究表明,在试验条件下,用聚合氯化铝作为絮凝剂、pH=7的条件下,采用两段工艺,可以使脱硫后废水含硫量降至40 mg/L以下,满足下游污水处理装置对含硫量的要求.     

均匀设计优化试验条件-原子荧光法测定污泥中总砷

通过对试验条件进行优化,建立了一种改进的氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定污泥中总砷的方法。采用了均匀设计〔U10*(108)〕与单因子试验相结合以研究和优化分析参数和条件。在优化的试验条件下进行总砷含量的测定,方法检出限为0.21 mg kg-1,线性范围为0.24-100μg L-1,加标回收率在91.0%-94.5%之间。测定11份有证土壤样品(浓度值10.7±0.8 mg kg-1)的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.6%。该方法经标准样品验证后,成功用于污泥实际样品的测定,并取得满意的结果。     

基于RBF和PSO的双喉道气动矢量喷管优化设计

本文探索了一种能多变量综合优化的方法,即对喷管进行参数化设计后,用均匀试验设计(UED)将试验样本均匀散布在设计区间内,求出各性能参数后,利用径向基神经网络(RBF)对试验样本进行拟合,再用粒子群算法(PSO)对训练好的神经网络进行寻优,找出了更好的双喉道气动矢量喷管设计参数组合。数值模拟结果显示,优化后的双喉道气动矢量喷管的矢量角有了明显提高。试验表明这种优化方法具有很好的优化能力,可以用来对喷管几何外形进行参数优化。      

电除尘器气流分布与粉尘沉降规律试验研究

简要介绍了斜气流技术机理,进行了均匀气流和斜气流状态下的粉尘沉降试验.通过试验数据分析,总结出了电除尘器内部两种气流分布状态下的粉尘沉降规律,指出斜气流技术的应用在提高除尘效率方面具有重大意义,并为斜气流技术的应用提出了一些建议.     

地面灌溉节水技术研究——沟灌水流运动的数值模拟及其应用

本文利用运动波方法建立了自由排水沟尾边界的沟灌水力学数值计算模型,并与田间灌水试验结果进行了比较,一致性良好。所建模型具有计算稳定性好、速度快和内存小的特点,可以在微机上使用。文中提出了以灌水定额控制灌水量和以均匀系数评价灌水效果的概念。同时,本文提出一种试算方法来研究自由排水沟尾边界和挡水沟尾边界条件下确定灌水技术参数合理组合的途径。     

国外环保投资预测方法研究综述

国外在环保投资方面有着丰富的经验,环保投资预测模型或者方法对中国有着良好的借鉴价值。首先介绍了不同国家和国际组织—中国、美国、英国、日本、德国、欧盟的环保投资的特征与内涵,其次详细分析了国外环保投资的三种预测方法,主要有OECD的FEASIBLE模型、投入产出法、均匀污染法,并且从预测内容、预测范围和预测时间、预测精度、数据要求等方面对不同方法的优缺点进行了对比分析,最后为中国环保投资预测研究提出了一些建议。     

烟气消白烟道导流板CFD数值模拟流场设计

Fluent是一款常用CFD软件,在烟气消白工程设计烟道系统过程中增设导流板,采用CFD数值模拟,能优化换热器进口处烟气流场分布,该文通过比较烟道系统中有、无设置导流板流场模拟分析,得出两种不同流场模拟结果,优化后的换热器进口流场不均匀系数为0.085 (优化前为0.346),较优化前改善明显,优化后换热器进口处的流场分布更为均匀,能提高换热器的换热效率。     

Effect of activated sludge treatment on the formation of Nnitrosamines under different chloramination conditions

Municipal wastewater discharge is considered as one of the main sources of N-nitrosamine precursors which can impact the qualities of downstream source waters and reclaimed wastewaters for potable reuse. NNitrosamine precursors can be removed to various degrees during biological wastewater treatment (e.g., the activated sludge (AS) process). So far, little is known about the impact of the AS process on N-nitrosamine formation under practical disinfection condition (e.g., uniform formation condition (UFC)). In this study, N-nitrosamine UFC from selected model compounds, sewage components (i.e., blackwaters and greywaters) and sewage samples were comprehensively investigated during batch AS treatment tests. NNitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation from the tested precursor compounds (i.e., trimethylamine (TMA) and sumatriptan (SMTR)) under UFC chloramination decreased mostly after 6 or 24 hr treatment with different types of AS (i.e., domestic rural AS, domestic urban AS, and textile AS), and the reductions in NDMA UFC were comparable to their NDMA formation potential (FP) reductions. In urine and feces blackwaters, NDMA UFC increased after 6 or 24 hr treatment with the domestic (i.e., rural and urban) AS, while NDMA FP decreased substantially. The increases in NDMA UFC after AS treatment was presumably attributed to the removal of bulk organic matters (e.g., dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) which favored NDMA formation under UFC. On the other hand, in laundry greywaters having relatively abundant DOC, N-nitrosamine UFC was less affected by DOC removal before or after AS treatment, but decreased to similar degrees with N-nitrosamine FP. In sewage samples collected from wastewater treatment plants, N-nitrosamines UFC tended to increase or remain constant during AS treatment, despite the decreases in their FPs. These results suggest that biological wastewater treatment (e.g., the AS process) may not effectively reduce N-nitrosamine formation (e.g., measured under UFC) partially because the concurrent removal of bulk organic matters (e.g., DOC) favored N-nitrosamine formation in s econdary effluents.