巷道放顶煤人-机-环境系统可靠性研究

应用系统可靠性和人 -机工程学理论 ,建立了急倾斜煤层巷道放顶煤人 -机 -环境系统可靠性模型 ,给出了系统可用度和生产能力的计算公式。结合开滦马家沟矿 972 3工作面人 -机-环境系统分析 ,探讨了提高系统可靠性和生产能力的有效途径。理论分析及实例计算结果表明 ,所建立的模型能简便地找出系统的薄弱环节 ,准确预测系统可用度和生产能力 ,从而为指导矿井设计和生产提供科学依据     

Up the down staircase: Wayfinding strategies in multi-level buildings

The intention of this article is to create a link between human spatial cognition research and architectural design. We conducted an empirical study with human subjects in a complex multi-level building and compared thinking aloud protocols and performance measures of experienced and inexperienced participants in different wayfinding tasks. Three specific strategies for navigation in multi-level buildings were compared. The central point strategy relies on well-known parts of the building; the direction strategy relies on routes that first head towards the horizontal position of the goal, while the floor strategy relies on routes that first head towards the vertical position of the goal. We show that the floor strategy was preferred by experienced participants over the other strategies and was overall tied to better wayfinding performance. Route knowledge showed a greater impact on wayfinding performance compared to survey knowledge. A cognitive-architectural analysis of the building revealed seven possible causes for navigation problems. Especially the staircase design was identified as a major wayfinding obstacle. Finally we address the benefits of cognitive approaches for the architectural design process and describe some open issues for further research.     

双机热备计算机联锁控制系统的安全性和可用性分析

从现场的实际情况出发 ,笔者研究了双机热备计算机联锁控制系统的安全度和可用度指标。对实际应用中双机热备计算机联锁控制系统的失效情况进行了分析 ,其结果表明双机热备计算机联锁控制系统出现直接导致系统完全失效的故障概率很小 ,因此 ,引入了系统的故障可用系数 ,并研讨了故障可用系数对系统的可靠度、安全度和可用度的影响。通过双机热备计算机联锁控制系统的安全度和可用度的分析和仿真计算结果表明 ,引入故障可用系数后系统的安全性不变 ,系统的可靠度和可用度有显著提高。