跨行政区域水污染纠纷的对策探讨——剖析某水域水污染死鱼事故

针对某乡镇企业十分发达地区的跨行政(市县)区域水污染死鱼事故的剖析，本文提出了处理解决跨行政区域水污染纠纷事故的若干对策建议。     

论火灾社会防控体系的建设

当前,频繁发生的火灾事故已经成为影响中国经济发展和人民群众生命财产安全的重要因素,如何通过火灾社会防控体系建设,有效起到预防和减少火灾事故发生的作用,已成为一项迫在眉睫的任务。本文主要从依法治理、科学管理、安全教育培训三个方面论述了加强火灾防控体系建设。     

冲击水浴除尘器密闭式水位控制箱的研制

通过对的冲击水浴除尘器存在运行工况不稳定等问题的分析，介绍了一种能提高除尘器净化效率，稳定设备运行阻力的新型水位控制箱。     

浅谈油田开发项目事故风险环境影响和防治措施——以大庆太19区油田开发为例

通过对国内外油田开发的类比事故调查及资料分析,结合大庆太19区油田开采的实际情况,事故风险主要来自于钻井(井下作业)天然气集输管线以及站场等工艺环节,危险其安全的潜在危险因素主要有自然灾害、腐蚀环境、误操作、设备缺陷、施工及人为破坏等同题.在油田开发过程中所发生的事故,不论是人为因素引起的还是自然灾害,其最终结果都是导致原油、天然气或含油污水的泄漏及火灾爆炸事故,并产生不同程度的环境风险,因此采取风险防治措施显得尤为重要.     

工程安全与工程安全人才培养

在当今人类社会,工程安全已成为威胁人类生存和发展的重大问题。工程安全事故因工程的固有属性而具有诱发原因的复杂性、客观表现的长期性和内在因素的关联性。工程安全事故产生的根本原因之一是人员的工程行为违背了工程安全的客观规律。在现代工程系统中,高级工程技术人员的工程行为对工程安全具有至关重要的影响,而高级工程技术人员的工程行为又与其接受的高等工程教育密切相关。从工程安全的角度审视我国现行高等工程教育,无论在人才培养的结构上,还是在人才培养的内容和方法上都存在诸多问题,改革的重点在于要将工程安全素质纳入工程人才的培养目标并建立与之相适应的工程人才培养模式,更新缺乏现代工程科学技术知识的课程体系和教学内容,创新注重工程安全实践训练的方法和培养途径。     

有限空间作业中毒窒息事故的预防

中毒窒息事故是有限空间危险作业的常发事故之一,多发生在封闭或半封闭设备,地上有限空间和地下有限空间,施害物主要为硫化氢、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氨和甲烷(沼气)等。在我国,随着经济的迅猛发展,一大批农民转变成产业工人,由于新工人群体的总体文化素质低,自身的安全意识、安全知识和安全技能的缺乏,一些管理者对中毒窒息危险危害认识始终存在盲区,导致同类职业中毒事故悲剧不断重演,使农民工、临时工或新工人成为中毒窒息事故的主要受害对象。为有效防止类似事故再次发生,笔者结合几起中毒窒息典型案例,阐述发生中毒窒息的5点原因以及从中汲取的2个教训,即必须按照规章作业和施救必须以自身安全为前提,总结中毒窒息场所安全作业要求,提出了一系列的防范措施。     

案例与研讨教学在安全培训工作中的作用

安全培训教育有别于全日制学历教育，为了获得更好的培训效果，在培训教学方式、组织形式、考核等方面应不断改进和创新，提出了提高培训质量的方法，如加强案例教学与研讨教学。     

森工企业伐木作业事故成因分析与预防措施

以森工企业伐木作业三起事故为案例,对造成事故的原因进行了分析,根据事故成因提出了相对应的事故预防措施.     

City hazardous gas monitoring network

In our today's societies, many dangerous chemicals are produced and transported. Due to the vast use of chemicals, more chemical accidents are taking place with huge losses. In this study a city hazardous gas monitoring network was designed to detect the dispersion of toxic and combustible gases in the primary stages. The network could cover hazardous chemical facilities, important hazardous chemical routes, warehouses and special locations which may be the targets of terrorist attacks. The network is consisted of several local networks and a central control panel complex. Each local network has a local control panel in the center and many detectors and sounders around it at distances less than 3000 m that communicate with the local control panels wirelessly. In each location there are two types of gas detectors, toxic and combustible, and a sounder which are equipped with a wireless, radio frequency modem allowing the units to communicate readings and other information on a real-time basis with a remotely located local control panel. High sensitive Photo Ionization Detectors, PIDs, are used to provide fast and low-level on-site screening for chemicals contamination. Combustible gas detectors are the second choice to sense the combustible gas and verify the readings of PIDs in this regard. The central panel consists of several connected control panels work uniquely helping a computer set and the appropriate software and communicate with local control panels via telephone lines. All of the network components are shown on the monitor of central panel with special symbols by geographical information system program. The system is fully addressable so that the high level detection of a detector produces a blinking color double-circle around its symbol in GIS plan. In case of high level gas detection, a team of experts who are fully equipped with different portable detectors depart to the site to test the field to identify the chemicals. All readings of detectors are saved in a data bank and then analyzed to find any chemicals spills and leakages. The network was simulated by a special program so that the components of local networks and the central panel are shown in separate windows. By clicking on one detector on environmental window the formerly designed responses will be activated in central panel window.     

Effects of seed aerosols on the growth of secondary organic aerosols from the photooxidation of toluene

Hydroxyl radical （.OH）-initiated photooxidation reaction of toluene was carried out in a self-made smog chamber. Four individual seed aerosols such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, sodium silicate and calcium chloride, were introduced into the chamber to assess their influence on the growth of secondary organic aerosols （SOA）. It was found that the low concentration of seed aerosols might lead to high concentration of SOA particles. Seed aerosols would promote rates of SOA formation at the start of the reaction and inhibit its formation rate with prolonging the reaction time. In the case of ca. 9000 pt/cm^3 seed aerosol load, the addition of sodium silicate induced a same effect on the SOA formation as ammonium nitrate. The influence of the four individual seed aerosols on the generation of SOA decreased in the order of calcium chloride〉sodium silicate and ammonium nitrate〉ammonium sulfate.