Non-UV based germicidal activity of metal-doped TiO2 coating on solid surfaces

A stain-based screening method was developed to screen different catalyst coatings for their germicidal activity. A Baclight dead/live bacteria viability kit （invitrogen, molecular probes） was used for staining the cell. The screening was carried out following a standard procedure. This included loading cell suspension to solid surface and maintaining contact for 30 min, then staining with a mixture containing dyes. The stained cells were observed using an epifluorescent microscope and photographed with a CCD camera under UV. Metal-doped TiO2 coatings on AI plates were prepared and tested for non-UV germicidal activity without using UV. It was tested using model microorganisms such as Bakers Yeast （Saccharomyces cerevisiae）, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, and Escherichia coli. On the basis of the germicidal activity of catalyst and the degree of damage caused to the cells, the stained cells may appear green （viable）, green with red or yellow nuclei and yellow （compromised） or red （nonviable）. According to their stained color, cells were counted to calculate the percentage of dead, live, and compromised cells. Compromised cells are cells that grow very slowly after reculturing indicating a degree of reversible cell damage. Screening the germicidal activity using this staining method is accurate and efficient, and requires less time than the culture-based method. A modification to the procedure for measuring germicidal activity of rough surfaces or fibrous coatings was developed. Both TiO2 and metal-doped TiO2 （Ag, Pt, Au, Cu） possess non-UV based germicidal activity. The germicidal activity of TiO2 was found to be related with its wetting property and can be improved by UV irradiation before testing. It is not greatly affected by contact time, indicating a fast acting germicidal activity.     

一种新型红外微差CO分析仪

正在研制的一种新型红外微差ＣＯ分析仪．其主要特征是采用双补偿有液精密压差计，直接测出由两检测室所吸收红外光差异而导致两铜容器内的压力差，此压力差通过单板机的换算，最后用数显器显示被测气体ＣＯ的浓度     

中国工业碳减排潜力与路径研究

基于我国工业35个行业2000~2015年的碳排放数据,以Super-SBM模型进行碳排放效率测算,结合劳均碳排放量及劳均工业总产值构造碳排放公平指数,并基于马尔科夫链模型测算碳排放公平及碳排放效率的俱乐部趋同指数,在公平效率协调的视角构造碳减排潜力指数并对35个行业进行碳减排潜力测算,并基于公平-效率二维矩阵图以动态的视角设计我国工业碳减排路径.结果表明：我国工业碳排放公平及碳排放效率均存在较为严重的固化现象,且碳排放效率的固化程度更高,可见我国工业碳减排的效率原则更重要,国家应从效率上挖掘更多的减排潜力;在公平与效率协调视角下测算出来各行业的碳减排潜力较之公平效率相等原则下有所变化,我国工业仍存在较大的碳减排空间;我国工业大部分行业处于"低排放效率、低排放公平"的状态.因此国家应从碳排放效率提升的角度重点扶持"低排放效率、低排放公平"水平类型行业.     

The potential of statistical state space models in urban ozone forecasting

State space models for tropospheric urban ozone prediction are introduced and compared with linear regression models. The linear and non-linear state space models make accurate short-term predictions of the ozone dynamics. The average prediction error one hour in advance is 7 μg/m³ and increases logarithmically with time until it reaches 26 μg/m³ after 30 days. For a given sequence of solar radiation inputs, predictions converge exponentially with a time scale of 8 hours, so that the model is insensitive to perturbations of more than 150 μg/m³ O₃. The slow increase of the prediction error in addition to the uniqueness of the prediction are encouraging for applications of state space models in forecasting ozone levels when coupled with a model that predicts total radiation. Since a radiation prediction model will be more accurate during cloud-free conditions, in addition to the fact that the state space models perform better during the summer months, state space models are suitable for applications in sunny environments.     

IFAD中国项目精准脱贫绩效评价:基于农民人均收入视角

基于课题组在7省区1 356农户的调查问卷数据,采用双差分析模型对IFAD项目的扶贫绩效进行了测度;选用人均纯收入作为贫困代理指标,并采用倾向得分匹配法对项目干预的净效应进行了分析,分别采用核匹配和半径匹配(0.001)方法测算了项目的干预效果,定量评价了联合国IFAD中国项目对项目区受益人精准脱贫的实际贡献。研究结果显示:1IFAD项目脱贫效果显著:IFAD项目的实施对项目区贫困农户脱贫率的净贡献为18.71%,由于IFAD项目实施而摆脱贫困的受益人总数达到80.746万人,其中直接受益人46.113 7万人,间接受益人为34.632 3万人;2从收入结构来看,IFAD项目干预对贫困农户种植业收入增长的影响最大:采用Di D、包含控制变量的Di D、加权最小二乘Di D和PSM方法分析的结果显示,IFAD项目实施使项目受益人的种植业收入人均增长了1 031.15元,且在0.05的水平上显著;3从家庭特征来看,市场便捷程度和户主学历对IFAD项目干预效果的影响最大。基于以上研究结论,本文提出了旨在提高IFAD中国项目脱贫绩效的政策建议:1应充分发挥联合国IFAD项目精准脱贫的示范效应;2加快贫困地区农业产业结构升级以优化贫困户的收入结构;3进一步加强贫困地区道路和教育等基础设施建设。     

Distribution of Platinum group elements in road dust in Beijing metropolitan area, China

Dust samples collected from the Beijing metropolitan area (China) were evaluated to determine the distribution and the concentration of platinum group elements (PGEs). The dust particles that were smaller than 100 mesh size fraction (150 μm) were analyzed after aqua regia digestion. Concentrations[RL2] of Pt, Rh, and Pd were found to be between 3.96 and 356.3 ng/g, 2.76 and 97.11 ng/g, and 0.1 and 124.9 ng/g, respectively, in the urban areas of Beijing, whereas for the background samples collected from the suburbs of Beijing, the concentration of Pt, Pd, and Rh were very low and ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 ng/g, 0.5 to 1.4 ng/g, and 0.8 to 2.2 ng/g, respectively. The[RL3] distributions of PGEs in road dust were an accurate reflection of the levels of pollution and were found to match with the local traffic conditions. A strong positive correlation was established among all the elements found in road dust. This suggests that emissions of abraded fragments from vehicle exhausts may be the source of the high concentration of Pt, Rh, and Pd in road dust along the main roads of Beijing.     

放射性表面污染测定应注意的几个问题

对放射性表面污染如何准确测量的细节问题进行了较详尽的阐述。     

农村人口动态多维贫困:状态持续与转变

能力贫困、动态贫困、多维贫困更符合贫困的本质和走向,本文利用2010年和2012年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)农村平衡面板数据,运用Biprobit模型基于个人层面可行能力和主观福利感受分析农村人口多维贫困状态持续与转变。结果表明:农村人口年龄、从事农业活动时间、区域差异、受教育程度、绝对收入、社会地位及相对收入等均对农村人口持续多维贫困产生显著影响。受教育程度、从事农业活动时间、区域差异、年龄、相对收入、户籍和绝对收入均对农村人口陷入多维贫困产生显著影响。农村人口从事农业活动的时间越长,持续多维贫困的可能性越高,陷入多维贫困的可能性越低。东部、中部、西部发生持续性多维贫困的可能较高,而东部、西部陷入多维贫困的可能性较低。绝对收入、相对收入和社会地位越高,农村人口发生持续性多维贫困的可能性越低。女性、受教育程度较低的农村人口持续性多维贫困的可能性更高。相对收入较低的农村人口易于陷入多维贫困,然而相对收入对农村人口持续性多维贫困的作用不明显。社会地位对农村人口持续性多维贫困产生消极作用,却对陷入多维贫困的影响不显著。主要研究结论:打破"持续多维贫困"恶性循环应从"小处"着手,以"输血"为主,"走进去"识贫,"走出来"脱贫;防范农村人口陷入多维贫困应从"大局"着眼,把发展和消除不平等作为解决多维贫困的根本途径,引导"脱贫"和防范"返贫",提能力避返贫,新思路促扶贫。精准扶贫机制要建立在契合贫困本质的贫困标准上,找准"贫根",寻共性扶贫,诊特性脱贫。     

小体系连续快速批量测定淡水亚硝酸盐氮分光光度法

亚硝酸盐氮(NO^-₂-N)是水体中的含氮有机物被氧化转变为硝酸盐反应过程中的中间产物,水环境中存在的NO^-₂-N具有毒性与致癌性,因此,NO^-₂-N含量的准确快速测定具有非常重要的意义。用酶标仪代替传统的紫外分光光度计,以2 mL离心管为反应容器进行NO^-₂-N含量的测定,优化小体系测定NO^-₂-N含量的关键影响因素,即反应体系的体积、显色时间、显色剂用量,研究结果表明:小体系反应总体积1 mL、显色剂用量20 μL、显色时间20 min、pH范围7~9,NO^-₂-N质量浓度为0~0.6 mg/L标准曲线的线性良好(r＞0.999)。根据小体系与国标体系测定的结果进行线性拟合和正交验证,结合2种方法的差异显著性分析,证明了小体系测定NO^-₂-N含量新方法的准确性与可靠性。     

基于加权三边测算的井下人员精确定位研究

为促进矿山安全生产管理,针对目前矿山井下人员定位不精确,存在定位盲区的现状,提出一种基于加权三边测算的井下人员精确定位新方法。该方法在不增加节点和成本的基础上,将节点布置成三角模式,依据权重对节点进行优选,运用最大概似法论证了定位的精确性。通过实例对加权三边测算法进行了验证,结果表明:该方法定位误差在3 m以内。加权三边测算法能够实现井下人员精确定位,可以运用于矿山的安全生产管理。