Biodegradation of beta-cypermethrin by a novel Azoarcus indigens strain HZ5

A novel strain HZ5 was isolated from the activated sludge of a pesticide manufacturer in Hangzhou, which was capable of degrading beta-cypermethrin (beta-CP). Based on its physiological characteristics and analysis of 16S rDNA gene, strain HZ5 was identified as Azoarcus indigens, which was a new genus that can degrade beta-CP effectively. Strain HZ5 could degrade beta-CP over a wide range of temperature (20 to 40°C) and pH (5.5 to 9.0), and the optimal temperature and pH were 30°C and 7.0. The highest degradation rate was approximately 70% of 50 mg/L beta-CP within 144 h at pH 7.0 and 30°C in MSM. An additional carbon source could enhance the biodegradation of beta-CP. Studies on biodegradation of the beta-CP showed no significant enantioselectivity. During the process, two main intermediate metabolites were produced by strain HZ5 and determined as 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The results indicated that strain HZ5 may have potential application in bioremediation of beta-CP polluted environment.     

Enantioselective separation and zebrafish embryo toxicity of insecticide beta-cypermethrin

Enantioselectivity of chiral pollutants is receiving growing concern due to the difference in toxicology and environment fate between enantiomers.In this study,enantiomers of insecticide beta-cypermethrin (beta-CP) were separated on selected chiral column by HPLC,and the toxicity of enantiomers was evaluated using the zebrafish embryo-larval assays.The enantiomers of beta-CP were baseline separated on Chiralcel OD and Chiralpak AD columns and detected by circular dichroism (CD) at 236 nm.Better separation could be achieved at lower temperature (e.g.,20°C) and with lower levels of polar modifiers.Pure enantiomers were obtained on Chiralcel OD.The CD spectra of enantiomers were recorded.By comparing the elution order with a previous similar study,the absolute configuration of beta-CP enantiomers was determined.The individual enantiomers were used in zebrafish embryo test,and the results showed that beta-CP enantioselectively induced yolk sac edema,pericardial edema and crooked body.The 1R-cis-αS and 1R-trans-αS enantiomers showed strong developmental toxicities at concentration of 0.1 mg/L,while the 1S-cis-αR and 1S-trans-αR induced no malformations at higher concentration (e.g.,0.3 mg/L).The results suggest that the enantioselective toxicological effects of beta-CP should be considered when evaluating its ecotoxicological effects.     

高效氯氰菊酯对鲤鱼的生化指标影响研究

研究了高效氯氰菊酯对鲤鱼的脑、鳃、肝和骨骼肌肉中代谢酶、RNA和蛋白质的影响.用0.356 μg/L高效氯氰菊酯处理鲤鱼21d后,其脑、腮、肝、骨骼肌肉中6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性逐渐降低,酶活性降低了35.2%～48.4%,RNA质量比减少了21.55%～45.65%,蛋白质质量比减少了41.72%～49.07%;撤离高效氯氰菊酯后,鲤鱼脑、鳃、肝和骨骼肌肉中的G-6-PDH和LDH酶活性、RNA和蛋白质质量比恢复到对照水平.结果表明:高效氯氰菊酯亚致死浓度处理后的鲤鱼脑、鳃、肝和骨骼肌肉中代谢酶活性、RNA和蛋白质质量比都逐渐下降,高效氯氰菊酯对鲤鱼的生化指标影响显著.     

六种农药对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的体外毒性效应

通过体外毒性试验,研究乙酰甲胺磷、巴丹、高效氯氰菊酯、甲基硫菌灵、异菌脲和哒螨灵6种农药对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的毒性效应。结果表明,在体外反应体系中, 6种农药均对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性有明显的抑制作用,其中乙酰甲胺磷对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性抑制率随着浓度增高先下降后上升, 1mg·L-1时抑制率最低,为10. 07%;甲基硫菌灵对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性抑制率随着浓度增高先上升后下降, 0. 125mg·L-1时抑制率最高,达60. 32%;巴丹、高效氯氰菊酯、异菌脲、哒螨灵对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性抑制率随浓度增高而上升。     

高效氯氰菊酯降解菌群的结构分析及其降解特性研究

以连作10年以上的棉田土壤为材料,以高效氯氰菊酯为唯一碳源,驯化获得能稳定传代并持续降解高效氯氰菊酯的LZ1菌群,对菌群中可培养的细菌进行分离鉴定,最后对其降解高效氯氰菊酯的特性进行分析。结果表明,LZ1菌群中可分离、纯化优势菌株12株,经16SrRNA序列分析,其中10株与铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)相似性达99%,1株与无色杆菌(Achromobacter mucicolens)相似性达99%。高效氯氰菊酯最佳反应条件为高效氯氰菊酯初始质量浓度250mg/L、温度27℃、pH7.0、装样量200mL。在最佳反应条件下培养的LZ1菌群24h时对高效氯氰菊酯的降解率可达68.81%,132h时的降解率可达92.39%,且LZ1菌群对高效氯氰菊酯的4种异构体没有明显的降解特异性。     

Impact of environmental concentrations of beta-cypermethrin on the antioxidant system in the brain and liver of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Beta-cypermethrin (beta-CYP) is a widely used pyrethroid pesticide, the extensive application of which may potentially cause damage to non-target organisms. To investigate the effect of beta-CYP on the antioxidant system of aquatic animals, adult zebrafish were exposed to environmentally relevant dosages (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 μg/L) of beta-CYP. The activities of four antioxidant enzymes in zebrafish liver and brain tissue were tested after 7, 15 and 30 days of exposure. Our results showed that exposure of beta-CYP could induce different levels of increase in hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities at 7 and 15 days post exposure (dpe), but caused apparent inhibition of hepatic SOD, GR and GPx activities at 30 dpe. Unlike in liver tissue, SOD and CAT activities in zebrafish brain did not show any apparent response to beta-CYP during the whole treatment period. In addition, increased brain GPx activities were observed at 7 and 30 dpe.     

高效氯氰菊酯对小鼠肝细胞的氧化损伤

为了探讨高效氯氰菊酯对生物体的氧化损伤,以昆明小鼠为受试体,高效氯氰菊酯按10、和40mg·kg20-13个剂量水平,灌胃染毒小鼠7d,并以肝匀浆测定活性氧自由基(ROS)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)含量,以肝细胞测定DNA-蛋白质交联(DPC)系数.实验结果表明,随着高效氯氰菊酯染毒剂量的升高,ROS和MDA含量及DPC系数逐渐上升,GSH含量逐渐降低,各指标呈一定的剂量-效应关系.染毒剂量≥20mg·kg-1时,处理组的ROS含量和DPC系数与对照组有显著差异(p<0.05);染毒剂量≥40mg·kg-1时,GSH和MDA含量与对照组有显著差异(p<0.05),DPC系数有极显著差异(p<0.01).说明较高剂量的高效氯氰菊酯可造成小鼠肝脏的氧化损伤和DNA-蛋白质交联作用增强.     

溴氧化铋可见光催化降解高效氯氰菊酯的研究

在可见光(λ≥420 nm)照射下,利用溴氧化铋(bismuth oxide bromide,BiOBr)作为光催化剂降解农药高效氯氰菊酯(beta-cypermethrin,beta-CP),采用气相色谱仪跟踪检测beta-CP降解过程中的变化,研究了BiOBr在可见光照条件下催化降解beta-CP的特性;同时,探讨了介质pH条件和催化剂用量对其光催化降解效果的影响;采用化学需氧量(COD)测定仪测定了beta-CP光催化体系深度矿化氧化的效果.结果表明,在可见光激发下BiOBr能有效降解农药beta-CP,在实验条件下光催化反应10 h后,beta-CP的降解率达到94.68%;随着催化剂用量和pH的增大,beta-CP的降解速率在不断加快;光催化反应36 h,Vis/BiOBr/beta-CP体系的COD去除率达67.99%.利用对苯二甲酸荧光法和过氧化物酶催化氧化方法跟踪测定光催化过程中氧化物种的变化,结果表明其光催化反应机制涉及·OH氧化过程.