Lead(II) and cadmium(II) removal from aqueous solution using processed walnut shell: kinetic and equilibrium study

The biosorption potential of processed walnut shell for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions was explored. The effects of pH, contact time, initial ion concentration, and amount of dried adsorbent were studied in batch experiments. The maximum adsorption was achieved within the pH range 4.0–6.0. The equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities were found to be 32?g?kg^?1 and 11.6?g?kg^?1 for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions, respectively. Kinetic data were best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The structural features of the adsorbent were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which confirmed the involvement of hydroxyl (–OH), carboxyl (–COO^–), and carbonyl (C=O) groups in metal sorption. This readily available adsorbent is efficient in the uptake of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from an aqueous solution and could be used for the treatment of wastewater streams bearing these metal ions.     

Resistance and biosorption mechanism of silver ions by Bacillus cereus biomass

Biosorption of silver ions onto Bacillus cereus biomass was investigated. Overall kinetic experiments were performed for the determination of the necessary contact time for the attainment of equilibrium. It was found that the overall biosorption process was best described by pseudo second-order kinetic model. The crystals detected by scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested the precipitation was a possible mechanism of biosorption. The molecular genetics of silver resistance of B. cereus biomass was also detected and illustrated by a whole cell sensor tool.     

响应面法优化复合微生物吸附剂对低浓度Cr3+的吸附

根据已有4种微生物吸附剂的吸附基团存在的差异特征,将其复配成复合吸附剂,借助统计学方法研究其对低ρ(Cr3+)废水的吸附性能.在单因素试验基础上,利用P-B(Plackett-Burman)法筛选出吸附过程4个主要影响因素分别为pH,初始ρ(Cr3+)及微生物吸附剂XB和TQ的投加量,应用最陡爬坡试验接近主要因素最优水平,采用Box-Behnken试验设计和响应面分析得到对低浓度Cr3+吸附过程的二阶模型.结果表明,最优吸附条件为pH 4.0,初始ρ(Cr3+)为4.86mg/L,XB和TQ的投加量分别为0.20和0.13 g/L,实际吸附率达到87.54%,与理论预测值(87.68%)接近,且高出单一吸附剂吸附率7.79%～17.35%.FT-IR扫描显示,复合微生物吸附剂性能提高与表面基团增多有关.通过响应面分析法优化复合微生物吸附,吸附性能明显提高.     

Chemisorption and Physical Adsorption Roles in Cadmium Biosorption by Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of cadmium (Cd) adsorbed by microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C.reinhardtii). The kinetic and adsorption isotherm of the process could be well described by mathematical models. Chemical modification experiments and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that carboxyl and amine groups were the important functional groups for adsorption of Cd. The maximum contribution of physical adsorption in the overall adsorption process was evaluated as 5.5%...     

柱生物曝气法吸附处理含铬废水

利用复合生物吸附剂FY01与活性污泥作为吸附材料,探讨了柱式生物曝气法对高浓度含铬电镀废水的生物吸附效果.研究结果表明,FY01性能稳定,耐进水pH冲击能力较强.当进水pH=2～5、流速为500 mL/h时,10 g FY01和5 g活性污泥联合处理60.4 mg/L含铬电镀废水2 h后,铬的去除率达78%以上;在4℃冰箱和23～28℃实验室保存50 d的FY01对铬的去除分别在78%～83%和77%～84%之间.柱式生物曝气吸附法对含铬废水的处理效果理想,运行稳定.串联处理2000 mL总Cr、Cu2 和COD浓度分别为60.4、4.51和48.2 mg/L的电镀废水2 h后,去除率分别高达92.1%、99.2%和71.4%.     

柱生物曝气法吸附处理含铬废水

利用复合生物吸附剂FY01与活性污泥作为吸附材料，探讨了柱式生物曝气法对高浓度含铬电镀废水的生物吸附效果。研究结果表明，FY01性能稳定，耐进水pH冲击能力较强。当进水pH=2—5、流速为500mL／h时，10gFY01和5g活性污泥联合处理60．4mg／L含铬电镀废水2h后，铬的去除率达78％以上；在4℃冰箱和23—28℃实验室保存50d的FY01对铬的去除分别在78％～83％和77％-84％之间。柱式生物曝气吸附法对含铬废水的处理效果理想，运行稳定。串联处理2000mL总Cr、Cu^2＋和COD浓度分别为60．4、4．51和48．2mg／L的电镀废水2h后，去除率分别高达92．1％、99．2％和71．4％。     

预处理后的活性污泥对锌吸附的研究

剩余活性污泥处理是当今的热点问题,从活性污泥资源化的角度出发,将活性污泥加工成为锌离子的生物吸附剂,比较了8种方法预处理后的活性污泥对锌的吸附效果,分析了这8种方法对污泥吸附能力的影响机理.对经过NaOH和H2O2处理的污泥的吸附特性和影响因素进行了研究,结果表明该吸附过程符合Psemio-seconal Order吸附动力学模型及Freunomch吸附等温模型,低pH不利于吸附,适当提高温度可以增强吸附效果,增加污泥吸附剂浓度可以增加金属离子去除率,但是单位质量吸附剂吸附金属离子的量减小.用红外光谱对比的手段对吸附机理进行了探讨,结果表明污泥颗粒表面一些含氮氧的基团对zn.'的络合作用是主要的吸附机理.该研究在污泥资源化和废水中锌离子的去除方面有重要意义.     

运行参数对水蚯蚓生物吸持六价铬性能影响研究

水蚯蚓能通过摄食剩余污泥而使污泥减量,但剩余污泥中常含有各种重金属污染物.本文以颤蚓科蠕虫(Tubificidae)为研究对象,以六价铬为典型重金属污染物,考察运行工艺参数:初始铬浓度、p H、水蚯蚓投加量和温度对水蚯蚓吸持六价铬的影响.实验结果表明,在研究浓度范围内(0.1~8.0 mg·L-1),水蚯蚓对六价铬的吸持速率随铬浓度的增大而加快,单位质量吸持量从14.4 mg·kg-1(以干重计,下同)增加到312.7 mg·kg-1,但六价铬的吸持率却随Cr6+初始浓度的增加而降低;p H从6.0增加到8.0,水蚯蚓对六价铬的吸持速率随p H的上升而提高,吸持率和单位质量吸持量先明显增强,p H达到7.5后逐渐趋于平衡,即吸持最佳p H为7.5;水蚯蚓投加量从1.0 g(以湿重计,下同)增加到5.0 g时,吸持速率及吸持率均上升,但单位质量吸持量却随着水蚯蚓投加量的增加而减少;当温度在10~20℃范围内时,水蚯蚓对六价铬的吸持速率相对较慢,到25℃时,吸持速率明显加快,吸持率和单位质量水蚯蚓的吸持量的变化趋势与吸持速率的变化相一致,但当温度达到30℃,水蚯蚓会大量死亡,综合考虑,处理系统最佳温度宜控制在25℃.     

融合菌-活性污泥联合曝气吸附处理重金属铬

研究了融合菌RHJ-004与活性污泥联合曝气处理含铬废水的生物吸附性能。结果表明,融合菌RHJ-004与活性污泥联合曝气对铬具有良好的处理效果,投加10g/L菌体、6g/L污泥,处理50mg/L的铬液,还原率可达83.26%,去除率达72.04%。该吸附剂对处理酸性含铬废水具有很大的潜力,在pH=1￣5时,还原率均>80%,去除率均>70%;溶解氧是影响该吸附过程的一个重要参数,当DO=2￣4mg/L时,生物吸附效果较好,还原率达到75%以上,去除率也超过65%;融合菌RHJ-004与活性污泥对六价铬的联合吸附可用Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型描述,但Freundlich模型的拟合效果更好。     

气单胞菌SH10吸附银离子机制的研究

以气单胞菌SH10为生物吸附材料,从静电吸附作用、离子交换作用、络合作用、沉淀作用几方面研究了SH10吸附Ag 过程可能存在的作用机制.结果表明,气单胞菌SH10吸附银离子依赖于静电吸附作用;吸附Ag 前后溶液中Na 、K 、Mg2 浓度的变化较小,说明吸附过程中离子交换不明显;SH10表面的羧基、氨基和脂类基团经化学屏蔽后,对Ag 的吸附量明显下降,结合红外光谱分析结果,确定酰胺基CO-NH为SH10与银离子发生络合作用的主要官能团;电镜扫描结果表明,SH10在吸附过程中可以和Ag 形成沉淀沉积在细胞表面.