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随着全球环境问题与能源问题的不断加剧,人们迫切需要开发一些高效、环保、稳定的光催化剂。卤氧化铋(BiOX,X=Cl、Br、I)因其独特的层状结构,优异的光学、电学性能,在光催化领域受到了越来越多的关注。虽然BiOX光催化剂在光催化反应中展现出了优异性能,但其光催化效率仍有待提高。简要叙述了BiOX的结构与性能以及当前主流的制备方法,主要概述了最近几年卤氧化铋光催化剂改性的研究进展。改性方法主要有微结构调控、晶面与缺陷调控、掺杂、构造异质结等,这些方法主要是通过提高卤氧化铋或卤氧化铋复合物的光吸收能力、光生载流子的分离和运输效率、以及活性位点的暴露量来实现改性。介绍了其在环境、能源和生物等领域的应用,同时对BiOX的发展提出了问题和展望。 相似文献
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以麦草浆粕为原料,研究开发出了一种适用于生物膜法污水处理的多孔生物膜载体.实验通过对麦草浆粕碱化、黄化制备出酯化均匀的纤维素粘胶,并在此基础上选取合适的发泡成孔技术和纤维素再生工艺得到多孔纤维素载体成品.实验考察了各制备条件对载体性能的影响,总结出了该工艺下性能最优的载体的制备条件.研究结果表明,制得载体的孔隙率可达85%,比表面积在11m2·g-1以上,孔径从100μm~800μm均可人为控制.制得的多孔纤维素载体成本低廉,用于污水处理效果十分良好. 相似文献
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利用磁性二氧化硅表面接枝的聚丙烯酰胺络合Cu2+离子,制备了表面铜螯合磁性SiO:材料,采用傅立叶红外光谱(FT.IR),X射线衍射(XRD)对该磁性材料进行了表征,并通过配位作用固定化漆酶,考察了其对水中2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)的催化降解效能及主要影响因素。结果表明,表面铜螯合磁性SiO:固定化漆酶对2,4-DCP具有较好的催化降解效能,利用8g/L固定化漆酶催化降解50mL初始浓度为24.25mg/L的2,4-DCP,反应12h2,4-DCP去除率达91%;当pH值在3.0~6.0范围内时,2,4-DCP的去除率随反应pH值的增加而升高;2,4-DCP初始浓度在14.39~257.6mg/L范围内时,反应12h,2,4-DCP的去除率均达85%以上;给酶量增加促进2,4-DCP的去除,但过多的给酶量导致单位质量固定化漆酶催化降解2,4-DCP的速率下降;水中硫酸根离子对固定化漆酶催化降解2,4-DCP具有明显的促进作用,而碳酸氢根离子明显抑制反应的进行。 相似文献
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Tianlong Zheng Peng Li Xiaoyu M Xiaohong Sun Chuanfu Wu Qunhui Wang Ming Gao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(3):336-345
A pilot-scale multilevel contact oxidation reactors system, coupled with saran lock carriers,was applied for the treatment of poultry farm wastewater. The removal efficiencies of CODcr, ammonia, and the total nitrogen as well as the elimination performance of CODcr and total nitrogen along the three-level contact oxidation tanks under six designed operational models were investigated. Based on the performance of the nitrogen removal of the saran lock carriers and the distribution of anoxic–aerobic interspace under the suitable operation model, the mechanism of nitrogen removal of the system was also explored. The results revealed that the intermittent aeration under parallel model is the most suitable operation model, while the removal efficiencies of CODcr, ammonia, and the total nitrogen were 86.86%, 84.04%, and 80.96%, respectively. The effluent concentration of CODcr,ammonia, and the total nitrogen were 55.6 mg/L, 8.3 mg/L, and 12.0 mg/L, which satisfy both the discharge standard of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding industry(GB18596–2001) and the first grade of the integrated wastewater discharge standard(GB 8978–1996). Moreover, the mechanism for the nitrogen removal should be attributed to the plenty of anoxic–aerobic interspaces of the biofilm and the three-dimensional spiral structure of the saran lock carriers, where the oxygen-deficient distribution was suitable for the happening of the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process. Therefore, the multilevel contact oxidation tanks system is an effective pathway for the treatment of the poultry farm wastewater on the strength of a suitable operation model and novel carriers. 相似文献
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预酸析-厌氧流化床处理碱法草浆黑液的研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
对预酸析多孔高分子载体固定化微生物厌氧流化床(AFB)处理碱法草浆黑液的效能进行了研究.结果表明,采用酸析预处理,去除了黑液中大部分难生化降解的高分子物质后,AFB的厌氧消化潜能得到充分发挥.预酸析AFB处理比直接AFB处理更为有利.对黑液中木质素的化学性质研究表明,厌氧处理前后的黑液中木质素分子的基本结构单元保持不变,但分子量大的木质素有向小分子转化的趋势.通过扫描电镜观察,除了产甲烷菌外,还发现了硫酸盐还原菌和硫细菌. 相似文献
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以葡萄糖为碳源,在USB反应器内接种好氧活性污泥在40 d内培养出良好的反硝化颗粒污泥.颗粒污泥形成经历了2个阶段:起始阶段,接种的好氧活性污泥中非反硝化菌逐渐衰亡演变为"惰性固体",与原有的固体一起,成为反硝化菌附着生长的载体,与此同时,反硝化菌在载体表面渐渐繁殖,形成细颗粒污泥;随后,反硝化菌在细颗粒污泥表面不断增殖,颗粒长大,发育成为成熟的颗粒污泥.成熟的颗粒污泥密实,表面均为杆状菌,且排列紧密,当污泥床容积负荷为19.1 g N/L·d时,去除率高达98.4%(N). 相似文献