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1.
为研究长三角背景点夏季PM2.5污染特征,于2018年5月30日—8月15日在上海市崇明岛对PM2.5样品进行昼夜采集,并对其中水溶性无机离子(Cl-、NO3-、SO42-、Na+、NH4+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+)进行了分析.运用PSCF(潜在源贡献)方法判别污染物排放源区,并结合PCA(主成分分析)和PMF(正交矩阵因子)源解析探究PM2.5来源.结果表明:①观测期间崇明岛ρ(PM2.5)平均值为(33±21)μg/m3,低于GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》一级标准限值(35 μg/m3),但在部分时段存在显著超标现象,ρ(PM2.5)最高值在120 μg/m3以上.②水溶性无机离子质量浓度平均值为(14±9.3)μg/m3,占PM2.5的42.4%,其中SNA(SO42-、NO3-、NH4+三者统称)为主要离子,占水溶性离子总质量浓度的85.7%.③n(NH4+)/n(SO42-)(NH4+与SO42-的摩尔浓度比)显示,清洁期〔ρ(PM2.5) < 15 μg/m3〕呈贫铵状态,过渡期〔15≤ρ(PM2.5)≤35 μg/m3〕和污染期〔ρ(PM2.5)>35 μg/m3〕均呈富铵状态;过渡期SNA主要以NH4HSO4和NH4NO3形式存在,而污染期则主要以(NH4)2SO4和NH4NO3形式存在.④通过对两次典型污染事件进行离子相关性分析和PSCF分析发现,E1污染事件(5月30日—6月8日)为局地生物质燃烧型污染事件,E2污染事件(7月23日—8月1日)为区域传输污染事件.源解析结果进一步表明,两次典型污染事件期间气态污染物的二次转化对PM2.5的贡献最显著,贡献率分别为62.8%和59.8%;其次是生物质燃烧,其贡献率分别为32.5%和20.1%;E2污染事件期间海盐源对崇明岛PM2.5贡献率较高(16.6%),远超过E1污染事件期间对PM2.5的贡献率(2.7%).研究显示,区域输送对崇明岛PM2.5有显著贡献,二次颗粒物累积是崇明岛PM2.5超标的主要原因. 相似文献
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Mr Selwyn H. Roberts Elizabeth Little Merle Vaughan Michael R. Creasy Anthony Jones Teyrnon G. Powell Andrew J. Dawson 《黑龙江环境通报》1993,13(10):971-975
A woman in the 32nd week of pregnancy was referred for investigation because of fetal abnormalities, including an abdominal wall defect, detected by ultrasonography. In view of the increased risk of chromosome abnormality, amniocentesis was performed to enable informed decisions about the management of the pregnancy and delivery to be taken. Cells from the liquor were inoculated into standard lymphocyte culture medium and incubated for 72 h. Slides with a high mitotic index and good quality metaphases, comparable to those from a blood culture, were obtained after harvesting. Cytogenetic analysis showed the karyotype to be 46,XY,—14,+t(13ql4q), which is consistent with Patau's syndrome. This technique appears to be an option for rapid karyotyping in cases of abdominal wall defect, where a chromosomal abnormality is suspected. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to determine whether there is increased leakage of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein into amniotic fluid in pregnancies with neural tube defects, since both these proteins are produced by neural tissue, and to compare the value of these substances for detecting such defects with that of the more conventional techniques of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gel electrophoresis. Amniotic samples from 25 mid-pregnancies (15–17 weeks' gestation) with neural tube defects (14 with open spina bifida and 11 with anencephaly) and from seven mid-pregnancies with abdominal wall defects were compared with a control material consisting of 80 amniotic fluid samples from 80 consecutive mid-pregnancy amniocenteses, with normal karyotypes and AFP concentrations. All of the above cases of abnormalities were primarily detected through increased AFP levels in the amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid samples from 13 pregnancies with fetuses with autosomal chromosomal abnormalities and seven amniotic fluid samples contaminated with blood were also included in the investigation. It is concluded from the results that the conventional AFP assay combined with AChE gel electrophoresis is the best method for screening amniotic fluid for neural tube defects and defects of the abdominal wall. Neither NSE nor S-100 assay alone proved to be superior for the detection of these cases in mid-trimester amniotic fluid. The S-100 assay, however, could give additional information in cases where AChE gel electrophoresis is not decisive; for example, in samples contaminated with blood. 相似文献
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关于既有民用建筑定期安全检测与维修问题的探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分析了既有民用建筑的现状,论述了既有民用建筑进行定期安全检测与维修的重要性,建议国家应制定既有民用建筑定期安全检测与维修的相关法规,并加强管理,保证实现工程的设计使用年限及延长建筑物的使用寿命,最大程度地发挥投资效益。 相似文献
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针对间歇式加煤锅炉SO2的排放特性和平均排放浓度测试,结合两种常用的智能烟气分析仪,列举定电位电解法在实际测试中的应用情况以及不同测试分析仪器的功能性特点,指出当前在实际测试过程中存在的人为随意性和易出现的测试误差,提出消除和减少误差的相应对策。 相似文献
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上海市污水处理设施问题探析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了上海市污水处理设施的现状,并剖析了其存在的问题,如管网配套建设问题,有效处理问题,污水回用及设施的运行管理等。在此基础上,提出了一些有针对性的调控对策建议,以促进上海的水资源可持续利用。 相似文献
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Iniencephaly is an uncommon, but not rare, lesion involving a fusion between the posterior occipital bone and the cervical spine. Many cases are associated with other cranio-cervical abnormalities and anencephaly, and most are associated with other structural abnormalities. The prognosis is thought to be dismal. We describe a male infant, one of twins, who was diagnosed prenatally as having iniencephaly. The child was born without complication and has grown and thrived. This is the fourth patient with long-term survival with iniencephaly. We recommend that non-directive counselling be applied when presenting the findings of iniencephaly to parents. 相似文献
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