金属板料成形摩擦机理研究

对不锈钢板料和碳钢在金属塑性成形时 (高接触压力 )的摩擦机理进行了实验研究 ,分析了压力对滑动阻力和摩擦系数的影响 ,得出了随压力增大摩擦系数逐渐变小的结论 ,从而为应用有限元法进行板料成形过程中塑性变形的计算机模拟提供真实的边界条件打下了基础。     

青岛海洋环境碳纤维复合材料与低合金钢电偶腐蚀研究

目的 探究碳纤维复合材料在舰船应用时与金属材料的电偶腐蚀问题。方法 针对一种典型舰船用碳纤维增强乙烯基树脂复合材料,在青岛海洋大气环境下开展0.5、1、1.5、2 a期的自然曝晒试验,进而采用电化学分析手段考察其与低合金钢的电偶腐蚀效应,结合老化机制探究碳纤维复合材料的老化行为对其与钢电偶腐蚀的影响。结果及结论 在青岛大气环境曝晒不同周期的复合材料试样,开路电位与低合金钢相差较大,存在较高的电偶腐蚀倾向。随曝晒时间的延长,复合材料表面微裂纹不断产生、扩展,导致电化学反应活性点增多,两者电偶电流密度随之增大。在青岛海洋大气环境下暴露2 a后,碳纤维增强乙烯基树脂复合材料与低合金钢的电偶电流为0.356 9 μA/cm²,两者的电偶腐蚀敏感性达到B级。     

基于BP模型的土壤重金属对其生物毒性的贡献分析

通过BP神经网络模型对石油开采区土壤重金属的部分缺失试验数据进行补齐,并采用主成分分析法对石油开采区土壤中重金属进行源解析。结果表明,土壤中重金属的来源包括自然来源、农业来源、交通来源和燃煤来源。以不同来源重金属作为输入条件、土壤生物毒性作为输出条件构建不同来源重金属土壤发光菌生物毒性神经网络模型,模型验证结果表明,在0.05显著性水平下,25组验证样本模拟值和试验值之间的相关系数r为0.396,满足模型验证要求。结合相对灵敏度计算,获得不同来源重金属对土壤生物毒性的贡献率分别为自然来源26.68%、农业来源52.71%、交通来源4.67%、燃煤来源15.94%,即农业来源为石油开采区土壤中发光菌生物毒性的最主要来源。     

基于3S的玉溪市土壤侵蚀敏感性评价研究

以玉溪市为研究区域，运用GIS软件对影响土壤侵蚀的因子进行叠加分析，获取玉溪市土壤侵蚀敏感性等级分布图，并与土壤侵蚀现状图加以对比，结果显示：发生土壤侵蚀的地区一定是土壤侵蚀的敏感地区，但土壤侵蚀的敏感地区不一定发生土壤侵蚀：森林覆盖量、质量和人为活动是影响土壤侵蚀的主要原因。     

低中放处置场环境评价参数灵敏度分析

选取90Sr、239Pu和14C为代表核素,采用单参数变分法对某低中水平放射性固体废物处置场环境影响评价中与核素迁移相关的主要评价参数开展了参数灵敏度分析.分析结果表明:对于低中放处置场而言,环境影响评价模式中主要评价参数的选择对最终评价结果的影响很大,因此在环境影响评价中开展不确定度及敏感度分析是必要的.     

原子吸收火焰法次灵敏线测定污水和电镀污泥中高含量的锌

对采用原子吸收火焰法次灵敏线测定污水和电镀污泥中高含量的锌进行了研究。试验结果表明：在锌浓度50．0～600．0mg/L之间,溶液锌含量与吸光度呈线性关系。线性回归方程为y＝0．000661x-0．0007,相关系数γ＝0．9998。方法检出限为25．0mg/L,相对标准误差（RSD）＜2．96％,加标回收率为92．5％～105％,与标准法的相对误差＜2．76％。     

基于GIS的断层构造对滑坡灾害发育控制作用分析——以雅安市雨城区为例

断层是滑坡发育的影响因素之一。选择雅安市雨城区和区域内232处滑坡作为研究的基础资料,通过地理信息系统空间分析技术及作者提出的滑坡影响因子贡献率的方法,得到了研究区内断层100m和200m缓冲区对滑坡的贡献率,定量研究了断层对研究区域滑坡发育的关系。研究结果表明,研究区域断层对滑坡敏感性不大,100m断层缓冲区较200m断层缓冲区贡献率值较大,为下一步研究区域滑坡危险度区划奠定了基础,同时为区域防灾提供了科学依据。     

潮汐流人工湿地低温下 NH4+ -N去除模型的比较和优化

针对目前人工湿地在低温条件下脱氮效能降低的问题,本研究对每天3个运行周期的潮汐流人工湿地在低温条件下对NH4+ -N的处理效能进行研究,同时利用表观动力学模型、多元参数回归模型及Monod机制模型对NH4+-N的去除过程进行拟合.结果显示,在平均水温为9～13℃条件下,每天3个运行周期的潮汐流人工湿地对NH4+-N有良...     

Effect of pyrolysis and oxidation characteristics on lauric acid and stearic acid dust explosion hazards

The effect of pyrolysis and oxidation characteristics on the explosion sensitivity and severity parameters, including the minimum ignition energy MIE, minimum ignition temperature MIT, minimum explosion concentration MEC, maximum explosion pressure P_max, maximum rate of pressure rise (dP/dt)_max and deflagration index K_st, of lauric acid and stearic acid dust clouds was experimentally investigated. A synchronous thermal analyser was used to test the particle thermal characteristics. The functional test apparatuses including the 1.2 L Hartmann-tube apparatus, modified Godbert-Greenwald furnace, and 20 L explosion apparatus were used to test the explosion parameters. The results indicated that the rapid and slow weight loss processes of lauric acid dust followed a one-dimensional diffusion model (D1 model) and a 1.5 order chemical reaction model (F1.5 model), respectively. In addition, the rapid and slow weight loss processes of stearic acid followed a 1.5 order chemical reaction model (F1.5 model) and a three-dimensional diffusion model (D3 model), respectively, and the corresponding average apparent activation energy E and pre-exponential factor A were larger than those of lauric acid. The stearic acid dust explosion had higher values of MIE and MIT, which were mainly dependent on the higher pyrolysis and oxidation temperatures and the larger apparent activation energy E determining the slower rate of chemical bond breakage during pyrolysis and oxidation. In contrast, the lauric acid dust explosion had a higher MEC related to a smaller pre-exponential factor A with a lower amount of released reaction heat and a lower heat release rate during pyrolysis and oxidation. Additionally, due to the competition regime of the higher oxidation reaction heat release and greater consumption of oxygen during explosion, the explosion pressure P_m of the stearic acid dust was larger in low concentration ranges and decayed to an even smaller pressure than with lauric acid when the concentration exceeded 500 g/m³. The rate of explosion pressure rise (dP/dt)_m of the stearic acid dust was always larger in the experimental concentration range. The stearic acid dust explosion possessed a higher P_max, (dP/dt)_max and K_st mainly because of a larger pre-exponential factor A related to more active sites participating in the pyrolysis and oxidation reaction. Consequently, the active chemical reaction occurred more violently, and the temperature and overpressure rose faster, indicating a higher explosion hazard class for stearic acid dust.     

Study on explosion risk of aluminum powder under different dispersions

This paper mainly studied the influence of particle size distribution on the explosion risk of aluminum powder under the span of large particle size distribution. The measurement was carried out with the 20 L explosion ball and the Hartmann tube. The statistical analysis was used to analyze the relevance between the parameters of explosion risk and the particle size parameters. Test results showed that with the increase of particle size, the sensitivity parameter increases and the intensity parameter deceleration decreases. The effect of particle size change on MEC and MIE of small particle size aluminum powder is relatively small but greater impact on Pm and (dP/dt)m. The small particle size components greatly increasing the sensitivity of the explosion and accelerating the rate of the explosion reaction; while the large particle size component contributes to the maximum explosion pressure. D_3,2 particle size dust determines the risk of aluminum powder explosion.