Simulation of scenario characteristics of LPG tank explosion accident and its contribution to emergency planning: A case study

Leakage and explosion of hazardous chemicals during road transportation can cause serious building damage and casualties, and adoption of highly-efficient emergency rescue measures plays a critical role in reducing accidental hazards. Considering a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) transport tanker explosion accident that occurred in Wenling, Zhejiang Province, China on June 13, 2020 as example, this study proposes a risk assessment framework. This framework recreates the leakage and explosion of the accident process using FLACS v10.9, suggests plans for evacuation, describes the rescue areas of different levels, and explores the influence of environmental factors on the evacuation and rescue areas. The results show that simulated and predicted distributions of fuel vapour cloud concentration and explosion overpressure can provide a reference basis for rapid rescue activities; the characterization of the dynamic effects of wind speed, wind direction, and temperature with respect to the evacuation and rescue areas can be used as theoretical support for on-site adjustment of rescue forces. The role of obstacles can prevent the expansion of the evacuation areas under low wind-speed conditions, and the presence of highly congested obstacles determines the level of the rescue area. The results obtained are important for the risk analysis and the development of emergency rescue measures in case of explosion accidents associated with transportation of hazardous chemicals on high-hazard and high-sensitive road sections.     

Model experiment on the dynamic process of oil leakage from the double hull tanker

This paper presents an experimental investigation on oil leakage from the double hull tanker (DHT). It is designed to explore the dynamic process of oil leakage from bottom-rupture hole of DHT. The experimental test shows the leakage resistance mechanism of ballast tank space. The behavior of oil leakage from damaged DHT and dynamic features of flow in the overall process are demonstrated from experimental results. The overall process of oil leakage is divided into free-leakage and resistance-leakage stage according to the corresponding power to study the dynamic features of oil-water flow inside or outside the tank. The corresponding dominated factors of oil leakage in different stage are also pointed out, and the unsteady Bernoulli’s equation is used to verify experimental results. Meanwhile, viscous effect in leakage process is discussed and the importance of hydrodynamic features associated with the mechanism of oil leakage is explored from experimental results.     

基于模糊Bow-tie模型的油轮靠港装卸作业溢油风险分析

为了全面分析油轮靠港装卸作业溢油事故风险,在风险定量分析中引入了模糊Bow-tie模型,基于事故树方法分析油轮靠港装卸作业发生溢油事故的原因,采用事件树方法分析溢油事故可能导致的后果,利用模糊集理论与专家评价相结合的方法分析油轮靠港装卸作业溢油的模糊可能值,采用层次分析法确定作业溢油后果因素的权重值,采用矩阵乘法计算溢油后果风险值。分析结果表明:油轮靠港装卸作业过程中一旦发生溢油,发生火灾+污染、爆炸+污染的概率较高。基于以上风险分析提出了油轮靠港装卸作业风险的防控措施,可为油轮靠港装卸作业安全风险管理提供参考。     

Experimental study of the VOC emitted from crude oil tankers

Light hydrocarbons vaporize to the space between crude oil interface and roof of the storage tank during loading of crude oil tankers in marine oil terminals. When crude oil is loaded to the tank, these hydrocarbons are vented into the atmosphere which is considered as a main source of emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in oil terminals. VOCs emitted from the crude oil not only create severe air pollution problems but also a considerable amount of valuable hydrocarbons are wasted to the atmosphere. On the other hand, VOCs are flammable which create major safety hazards to the loading process. Therefore, the oil industry has largely focused on control of VOCs. In this research, an experimental study was conducted to characterize VOCs emitted from storage tanks of crude oil in a large-scale oil export terminal. Using the industrial data and simple mathematical tools, effect of different parameters on the composition of emitted gases was investigated. Furthermore, an experimental procedure is proposed to assess the potential of a crude oil absorption process for recovering emitted gases. Experimental results showed that the crude oil absorption process can be adapted to the situation of considered marine terminal for recovering this vent stream of emitted gases. This work can help plant engineers to decide on an appropriate strategy to control VOCs.     

环氧丙烷储罐空气泡沫灭火试验研究

环氧丙烷为低沸点水溶性可燃液体,由于其饱和蒸汽压大,灭火困难,此前,国内外未对环氧丙烷进行过大型工程应用灭火试验研究。为研究空气泡沫对环氧丙烷储罐的灭火性能,分别对环氧丙烷进行了0．25m^2油盘探索性试验、1．73m^2油盘泡沫灭火剂选型试验和直径3．5m储罐工程应用灭火试验。试验结果表明,空气泡沫难以扑灭环氧丙烷储罐火灾,在直径3．5m储罐上,虽然采用了灭火性能较好的泡沫液,且使用了较大的供给强度和较长的供给时问,但仍难灭火。在试验基础上,对环氧丙烷储罐的消防要求提出了建议。     

制备方法对MgAl水滑石衍生氧化物负载钯催化剂丙烷完全氧化活性的影响

以沉积沉淀法(DP)、浸渍法(IM)和共沉淀法(CP)制备MgAl水滑石衍生氧化物负载钯催化剂,用ICP、XRD、SEM、TEM、EDS、TPR以及比表面测定等手段对催化剂进行了表征.ICP和XRD数据表明用上述3种方法均可成功制备水滑石为前体载钯催化剂.SEM、TEM、EDS数据表明不同方法制备的样品具有不同的形貌以及钯在其中的分散度.综合各类表征数据可知Pd在催化剂中暴露的活性位是影响其活性的主要因素.     

Propane oxidation and steam reforming over Pd/LaFe(0.8) Co(0.2) O3 catalyst: effects of the reactant composition and steam

The effects of reactant composition and steam on propane combustion over Pd/LaFe0.8Co0.2O3 catalyst were investigated.Propane conversion and the oxidation state of palladium were strongly affected by the redox ration of reactants.Higher propane conversion could be obtained under rich conditions and explained as a complex balance between oxidation and steam reforming.Water produced in the oxidation could promote the propane conversion by steam reforming.However,the presence of excess steam would bring about inhibition.     

中国化学品船有毒液体物质污水管理现状及对策

分析了中国化学品船在有毒液体物质污水管理方面存在的问题 ,针对性地提出了有关对策     

活性污泥法+接触氧化法工艺处理高盐度环氧丙烷生产废水的试验研究

采用活性污泥法和接触氧化两段工艺对高含盐的环氧丙烷生产废水进行处理，同时研究了不同水力停留时间的处理效果和不同的盐度对处理效果的影响。试验结果表明CODcr的去除率可以达84．38％，出水CODcr＜160mg／L，pH＜8。     

An investigation of a heat pump system using CO2/propane mixture as a working fluid

In order to decrease the heat rejection pressure of heat pump using pure working fluid, CO₂ or R744, other natural component including hydrocarbons (R290, R600a, R600, R1270, R170, R601) and dimethyl ether (RE170) is added to CO₂, respectively, and then six binary mixtures are achieved. By environmental and thermodynamic comparisons, R290 is selected to be the most appropriate component candidate to mix with CO₂, and meanwhile to weaken the flammability and explosivity for pure R290. Then, the system performances of heat pump using mixture of CO₂ and R290 were experimentally studied when R290 is added to CO₂ with a small fraction, and compared with that of the pure CO₂. The experimental test rig is designed and set up for the transcritical heat pump system. When the refrigerant charge is variable, the heating coefficient performance, optimum heat rejection pressure, compressor power, mass flow rate of refrigerant, and total heat coefficient of gas cooler were researched. The variation ratios of heating coefficient performance and heating capacity with deviation from the optimum refrigerant charge were also investigated. The optimum refrigerant charge of CO₂/R290 is obtained and the research results show that the addition of R290 to CO₂ can efficiently reduce the heat rejection pressure and improve the system performance. The results in the present work could provide useful guidelines for the design and operation of heat pump system using CO₂-based mixture.