Climate readiness of recovery plans for threatened Australian species

The rapidly changing climate is posing growing threats for all species, but particularly for those already considered threatened. We reviewed 100 recovery plans for Australian terrestrial threatened species (50 fauna and 50 flora plans) written from 1997 to 2017. We recorded the number of plans that acknowledged climate change as a threat and of these how many proposed specific actions to ameliorate the threat. We classified these actions along a continuum from passive or incremental to active or interventionist. Overall, just under 60% of the sampled recovery plans listed climate change as a current or potential threat to the threatened taxa, and the likelihood of this acknowledgment increased over time. A far smaller proportion of the plans, however, identified specific actions associated with ameliorating climate risk (22%) and even fewer (9%) recommended any interventionist action in response to a climate-change-associated threat. Our results point to a disconnect between the knowledge generated on climate-change-related risk and potential adaptation strategies and the extent to which this knowledge has been incorporated into an important instrument of conservation action.     

废旧阴极-赤泥协同处理烧结熟料的溶出性能

采用XRF,ICP-MS,XRD及SEM-EDS检测手段,研究了废旧阴极-赤泥高温协同处理所得熟料的溶出性能.结果表明,Na₂CO₃浓度,温度,时间及液固比因素对Al₂O₃,Na₂O溶出率TFe₂O₃的富集效果的影响趋势一致.最适宜溶出条件为：Na₂CO₃ 30g/L,温度50℃,时间30min,液固比8.该条件下,熟料中Al₂O₃和Na₂O溶出率分别高达为87.41%和92.51%;相应的SiO₂和CaO溶出率仅为3.02%和0.36%,铁矿物几乎不溶.溶出渣中的TFe₂O₃含量从熟料中23.64%提高到39.89%,研究表明溶出工艺同步实现了熟料中铝、钠的回收和铁的富集.再者,处理后溶出渣较熟料减量近16%（以铝和钠溶出率测算）,且属于非危险性废物.     

非饱和带强化反应层脱氮的试验研究

自然堆肥过程中,畜禽养殖产生的粪污渗滤液入渗土壤非饱和带.高浓度有机氮在微生物作用下经由复杂的地球化学过程转化为各种含氮物质,其中硝酸盐迁移能力较强,在降雨条件下入渗地下水,造成区域性地下水硝酸盐污染.在非饱和带中构建由木屑和壤土组成的强化反应层,通过间歇性的原位淋溶脱氮试验,系统地研究了非饱和带含水量及COD、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和氨氮的浓度变化规律,评价了强化反应层的脱氮能力.研究结果表明:①反应层中木屑材料的强吸水特性使得灌水后短时间内反应层含水量大幅提升,形成有利于反硝化进行的厌氧环境.木屑通过水解作用释放大量溶解性有机碳,供给反硝化微生物进行脱氮.②在入渗硝态氮浓度为170.00 mg·L~(-1)条件下,反应层对硝态氮去除率最高可达97.63%.反应层脱氮量随处理水量增加而提升,当上层为砂土时脱氮量最高,可达24.61 g·m~(-3).③反应层中的NO~-_3-N发生了完全反硝化,出水中NO~-_2-N浓度低于0.5 mg·L~(-1),几乎不发生积累.同时,反应层中发生的DNRA过程使氨氮浓度小幅升高.强化脱氮反应层可阻控硝酸盐污染地下水.     

新型Fe3O4@α-MnO2活化过一硫酸盐降解水中偶氮染料

采用两步水热法制备了新型磁性纳米Fe₃O₄@α-MnO₂复合材料作为催化剂,用于活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）产生强氧化性的硫酸根自由基（SO₄^-·）氧化降解偶氮染料活性黑5（RBK5）.采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）,X射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）对制备的催化剂进行表征,证明成功合成了纳米α-MnO₂包覆Fe₃O₄形态的Fe₃O₄@α-MnO₂催化剂,催化剂的饱和磁化强度为39.89emu/g.Fe₃O₄@α-MnO₂催化剂活化PMS与单一的Fe₃O₄和α-MnO₂活化PMS相比,具有更高的催化效率,说明铁锰双金属存在协同作用.同时研究了催化剂的投加量、PMS的浓度和初始pH值等各种因素对RBK5的降解效率以及反应动力学的影响.实验结果表明,Fe₃O₄@α-MnO₂催化剂活化PMS降解RBK5的过程符合准一级反应动力学,在催化剂投加量为1.2g/L,PMS的浓度为4mmol/L,初始pH值为7.0,反应时间为60min的情况下,浓度为30mg/L的RBK5的降解效率可达到91%,此时RBK5的降解速率常数也达到最高值0.023min^-1.此外,通过加入自由基淬灭剂甲醇、叔丁醇和硝基苯判断了Fe₃O₄@α-MnO₂/PMS体系中起主要氧化降解作用的活性物种为SO₄^-·.     

无机痕量分析中预富集技术的应用现状及前景

综述了预富集技术在无机痕量分析中的应用，概述了国内外最新进展，介绍了主要技术及方法的特点，大量文献表明预富集技术用于痕量分析取得满意的效果，降低了检测限，提高了灵敏度。     

Novel synthesis blends between bacterial polyesters and acrylic rubber: A study on enzymatic biodegradation

The biodegradability of a multicomponent system based on biotechnological occurring polyester (poly(-hydroxybutyrate-co--hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)) with inclusion of acrylate elastomer (polybutylacrylate) (PBA) was investigated. A bacterium which produced extracellular enzymes that degrades PHBV even when blended with PBA was isolated and tentatively designated asAureobacterium saperdae. It was observed, by morphological investigation, that, while the bacterial degradation was permitted for PBA content of 20% by weight, it was inhibited for PBA content of 30%, owing to the occurrence of a rubbery layer that prevents to the bacteria an easy accessibility in the PHBV-rich regions. In fact, owing the bacterial growth, only PHBV was metabolized, whereas no degradation of PBA was detected for blend samples. It was confirmed that the degradation proceeded via surface erosion of PHBV also in the blends. Finally, mechanical tests on PHBV/PBA specimens as a function of degradation extent have shown different behavior of the blends at different the PBA content. Thermal analysis of blends and PHBV has been reported, too     

西藏公路建设过程中的生态保护

针对西藏独特的高原生态环境特征，分析了公路建设的生态影响，提出了不同生态系统类型的生态恢复和保护措施。     

唐钢2×150t转炉煤气回收系统设计及运行实践

在此较详细地介绍了唐钢一炼钢厂 2× 15 0t转炉煤气回收湿法除尘工艺和系统的技术特点。该系统设计吸收了国内外大型转炉煤气回收的经验。经近 18个月的生产实践 ;认为效果良好 ,煤气回收率近 80 % ,热值近 80 0 0kJ Nm3,放散排放浓度小于 80mg m     

硫磺回收装置标定及分析

本文对Ⅱ套SRU的标定结果，进行了比较详细的技术分析，在此基础上，对装置及其运行状况作出了评价，并提出了一些建设。     

固化法处理废干电池

介绍了电池的历史及其生产的现状、排废特征 ;简述了废旧干电池对环境的危害及其回收处理工艺和经济环境效益 ;结合金霸王 (中国 )有限公司废干电池的特点和电池废料的处理现状 ,对其采用固化法处理 ,然后进行渗漏试验并作出结果分析和评述 ;最后对废干电池的回收处理提出建议。