Postural Stability of Sitting Women

The study examined the utility of stabilometric dimensions and explored whether the changes in sitting postures were manifested in functional measures of postural control. Eleven women participated in the study, which used 11 chair sitting postures: arms on laps or arms right angled; armrest at a height of 17, 20 and 23 cm; with or without backrest; slouch or straight back; legs right angled at knees or crossed legs. The backrest and armrest shifted 16.3% of body weight from a seat pan. The characteristics of stabilometric dimensions evaluated the influence of seat components and sitting behaviour on postural balance. The study attempted to evaluate stability and its application in human-seat interface design.     

大兴安岭地区中小学生人体数据调查与分析

通过对大兴安岭地区中小学生身高调查发现,该地区中小学学生的平均身高要高于《中国卫生统计年鉴》（2008）中同龄青少年的身高平均值,学生视力随年龄增长而下降。因此有必要为学生配备与其身高相匹配的课桌椅。     

A new method for calculating saddle seat height with an emphasis on optimal posture based on trigonometric relations

Introduction. Based on the literature, the ergonomic saddle chair provides the most appropriate posture for users. Determination of the seat height is critical to establish the proper posture, carried out using various methods of anthropometry. This study aimed to develop a simple and applied method for determining the saddle seat height with an emphasis on appropriate posture. Methods. In this study, anthropometric dimensions including weight, body height, popliteal height and seat height at 135° knee angle in 150 male and female dentists were measured. In the laboratory, to determine the ‘acetabuloischial number’, 25 male and female natural hip bones were measured. The mean saddle-chair height with knee angle of 135° was then compared by two different methods, field measurement and the new calculation method. Results. The results showed a strong correlation between data gathered from the two different methods, the field measurement and the new calculation method (98%), and Cronbach’s α from the intraclass correlation was equal to 0.994 (p?<?0.05). This indicated that the two methods produced similar results. Conclusion. The new method can be applied to calculate the optimal height of the saddle seat based on body height and popliteal height.     

Sitting Comfort of Ergonomic Office Chairs—Developed Versus Intuitive Evaluation

The sitting comfort of office chairs with different ergonomic layouts (inferior, superior) was examined. Fifty participants were randomly assigned to a 2 × 5 factorial experimental design with 2 different conditions of ergonomic chair layout (inferior or superior) and 5 different conditions of instruction to explore the chair. Four conditions were created to differentiate between various levels of perceptual awareness and processing of chair-related information (guided exploration and developed evaluation). In a 5th condition, participants remained uninstructed (free exploration and intuitive exploration). Under guided exploration, the participants’ perception of sitting comfort was in line with objective differences in the chair layout. Different conditions of guided exploration, however, did not influence the evaluations. Under free exploration, the participants’ perceptions did not match the ergonomic chair layout. In contrast to participants under guided exploration, they even rated the ergonomically inferior office chair more favourably than the ergonomically superior chair.     

深圳世界大学生夏季运动会体育场馆观众座椅火灾试验研究

根据深圳世界大学生夏季运动会体育场馆内座椅实际情况,对5种典型座椅材料进行了小型锥形量热计试验,并按座椅的布置形式开展了全尺寸火灾试验.通过实体试验,得到座椅燃烧时的火灾热释放速率、烟气生成率、点燃时间、CO/CO2生成率和平均比消光面积等燃烧特性参数,为科学分析大运会体育场馆座椅的火灾危险性提供科学的基础数据支持和理论依据,进而提出消除、预防或降低座椅火灾风险、提高场馆消防安全等级的对策措施.     

Saddle seat reduces musculoskeletal discomfort in microsurgery surgeons

Background. Microsurgery is a surgical procedure requiring a high degree of precision and is commonly facilitated through the use of an intraoperative microscope. When operating the microscope system, the long-term posture leads to musculoskeletal disorders in surgeons, and seats are commonly employed to diminish these problems. The present study was conducted to evaluate musculoskeletal discomfort during work with a saddle seat in comparison with conventional seats for microscopic work. Methods. Two types of seats, a saddle and a conventional one, were evaluated for 73 microsurgical surgeons in terms of musculoskeletal discomfort. Corlett and Bishop's body part discomfort scale was used to assess musculoskeletal discomfort before and after working with the seats. Results. The highest amount of discomfort that microsurgical surgeons acquire in the workplace was focused on their neck, shoulders, arms and back. During work with a saddle seat, a significant reduction was found for discomfort values in the neck, shoulder, arm, back, elbow and forearm, as well as the whole body (p?<?0.05). Conclusion. This study showed that the use of saddle seats provides a more appropriate physical posture at work, and can decrease musculoskeletal discomfort in different parts of the body of microsurgical surgeons.     

持续鞍型场导致的西安市PM2.5重污染过程分析

为了解鞍型场对西安市PM_2.5重污染过程的影响.以西安市2016年2月6—14日重污染过程ρ（PM_2.5）及气象要素的小时变化为研究对象,综合分析了此次重污染过程特征、天气型以及气象要素变化.结果表明:①西安市此次重污染过程可分为污染上升阶段（6—7日）、污染维持阶段（8—11日）及污染减轻阶段（12—14日）,3个阶段分别处于均压场、鞍型场、高压前部等天气型的影响下.②此次鞍型场发生时,天气持续静稳,气压梯度力小,且西安市处于气流的辐合地带,导致污染物的形成和积累,ρ（PM_2.5）最高值达198 μg/m3.③在鞍型场的控制下,西安市日均气温维持在偏高的水平（最高达7.2℃）,相对湿度呈上升的趋势,最高达86.5%;而风速和能见度则波动下降,平均风速和能见度最低值分别为0.8 m/s和0.5 km.高温、高湿、小风的气象条件有利于污染物的吸湿增长从而导致PM_2.5重污染.④受鞍型场的影响,西安市边界层高度较低,最低时只有55 m,且逆温层较厚,强度较大,最大值达3.8℃/（100 m）,极低的边界层高度和较厚的逆温层削弱了污染物的垂直扩散能力,污染物被抑制在近地面,形成较严重的污染.研究显示,鞍型场天气型导致的均压场、暖湿、静风、低边界层及强逆温层是此次西安市PM_2.5重污染过程的重要原因.