A closer look at BLEVE overpressure

The overpressure produced by the boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) is still not well understood. Various methods have been published on the overpressure modeling in the far field. They mostly differ by the modeling of the expansion energy, used to scale the distance to the source where the overpressure needs to be calculated. But these methods usually include a experimentally fitted reduction factor, and are mostly overestimating the overpressures. Today there is a growing interest in modeling the BLEVE overpressure in the near field, for studying the blast effect on critical infrastructure such as bridges and buildings. This requires a much better understanding of the BLEVE blast. This paper goes deeper in the understanding of the physical phenomenon leading to the BLEVE blast wave generation and propagation. First, mid-scale BLEVE experiments in addition to new experimental data for near field blast from a small scale supercritical BLEVE are analyzed. And second, an analysis method of the shocks observed in the experiments is presented based on fundamental gas dynamics, and allows the elaboration of a new modeling approach for BLEVE overpressure, based on the calculation of the initial overpressure and radius of the blast.     

Review: recent advances in biogas purifying technologies

Biomethane production through biogas upgrading is a promising renewable energy for some industries which could be part of the equilibrium needed with fossil fuels consumption to achieve a sustainable society. This paper presents a comprehensive list of biogas upgrading technologies focused on carbon dioxide removal as well as recent advances reported by researcher with wide expertise in this topic. Additionally, an extensive costs–performance comparison among the technologies studied is discussed. Among the different alternatives, chemical scrubbing stood out to achieve high biomethane purities while cryogenic technologies proved to be effective against methane losses. Regarding the different costs, water scrubbing and membrane separation seem to be the most affordable techniques.     

弹射起飞和拦阻着陆冲击试验方法探讨

目的研究舰载机机载装备弹射起飞和拦阻着陆冲击试验的工程实现方法。方法从GJB 150.18A—2009、MIL-STD-810F/G及其提供的实测数据出发,分析弹射起飞和拦阻着陆冲击载荷特征,对几种常用试验方法的工程实现进行探讨和比较。结果弹射起飞和拦阻着陆冲击具有瞬态、交变、低频、大位移、高速度等特征。阻尼正弦波方法的实施路径比较明确,复杂波形再现方法实施路径比较模糊且复杂,超长脉冲半正弦波方法具有多种局限性,前两种方法的速度、位移都较大。结论阻尼正弦波方法较复杂波形再现方法更容易实现,但两者都需要大位移、高速度的专用冲击试验设备和适当的波形处理技术,超长脉冲半正弦波方法在前面两种标准推荐方法能够实现时,不建议使用。     

螯合树脂在线富集——火焰原子吸收光度法测定水中微量Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd

对螯合树脂在线富集，火焰原子吸收光度法进行了条件试验。试验证实方法对Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ４个元素检出浓度可达μｇ／Ｌ级，校准曲线性、样品重现性及准确度可满足测定要求。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定鱼内脏及河流底泥中的铜

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定鱼内脏及河流底泥中的铜。鱼内脏经组织捣碎机捣成匀浆后，加硝酸消解；底泥则经氢氟酸和高氯酸消化。该方法具有灵敏度高，精密度和回收率较好等特点。     

Comparison of Two Manual Methods of Nitrogen Dioxide Determination in Ambient Air

Sodium arsenite (modified Jacobs and Hochheiser method; hereafter referred as SA), the most widely used manual monitoring method for determination of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) in ambient air, particularly in developing countries has been evaluated and compared with US EPA recommended equivalent method of TGS-ANSA (hereafter referred as ANSA). NO₂ concentrations generated from laboratory test atmosphere were analyzed by these two methods and were compared statistically. Laboratory evaluations showed that SA method has high sensitivity to different sampling conditions, which normally vary during actual field monitoring. Hence, correction factors for absorption efficiency were estimated for SA and ANSA methods. Absorption efficiency of NO₂ in SA method was found to be much lower (64%) as against the reported value of 82% at the method recommended sampling conditions, whereas for ANSA method, it was found 1.0 as against the reported value of 0.93. After applying derived correction factors, both the methods produced almost similar concentration values of NO₂.     

过硫酸钾氧化-紫外光度法测定总氮方法的改进

过硫酸钾氧化紫外光度法测定总氮的空白吸光度高的主要原因是：K2S2O3是220nm波长上有特征吸收，适当降低K2S2O3、NaOH的用量，延长消解时间，使用二次蒸馏水，用低浓度亚砷酸钠溶液，还原消解后剩余的极少量的K2S2O3，可以降低空白吸光度。K2S2O3-NaOH碱溶液不稳定，使用期短，三天后氧化能力迅速降低，原因是：K2S2O3溶液中，加入NaOH，加速了K2S2O3的分解。K2S2O3和NaOH分别配制，并在K2S2O3溶液中，加入少量HCl，抑制其水解。两种溶液可使用半年以上时间。     

温度、盐度、铜、氨对对虾仔虾(Penaues orientalis K)和光滑河兰蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)的影响

在室内模拟条件下,进行了热冲击及其与盐度、铜、氨联合对对虾仔虾和光滑河兰蛤的急性影响研究。结果表明,两种动物的起始致死温度(TL₅₀)和最高临界温度(CTM)随驯化温度的升高而增大;随盐度的降低,仔虾的耐高温能力明显降低,而兰蛤对盐度变化反应不明显;高温明显提高铜、氨对仔虾的毒性。也提高铜对兰蛤的毒性,但降低氨对兰蛤的毒性影响。仔虾对高温、低盐、铜离子及非离子氨反应敏感。     

恶臭污染防治技术及工程实践

目前，恶臭污染对人类生活的危害日益加剧，文中介绍了几种恶臭污染物的防治技术。对生物滴滤池 活性炭吸附工艺进行了探讨，工程实例表明具有良好的治理效果。     

在磁场中活性炭吸附有机物的研究

将磁化技术引入吸附过程中，考察了磁场处理对活性炭吸附苯、硝基苯、苯甲酸、氯苯和苯酚的影响．结果表明，预磁处理能使非极性物质苯和极性较小的氯苯、苯酚在活性炭上的吸附容量减小，而使极性较大的苯甲酸和有NO2基团的硝基苯的吸附容量增大．增大磁场强度能加强苯和苯甲酸的磁处理效果。