石油野外施工作业OSH、HSE管理

长庆钻井野外施工作业队伍依据OSH，HSE管理体系的基本要求和国际通用做法，吸取与壳牌公司在长北区块的合作经验。学习国际上杜邦，阿莫科等石油公司的HSE合作案卷，翻阅了苏丹中国项目组HSE例卷，结合长庆钻井的实际情况。在野外施工作业队伍实施OSH，HSE管理，创新了17项管理技术。提升了作业队伍现场管理水平，步入与国际惯例接轨的行列，提高了经济效益。     

Influencing diversity beliefs through a personal testimonial,promotion-focused approach

Although researchers have highlighted the importance of diversity beliefs (i.e., team members' perceived value of diversity) for the elaboration of information in teams, little attention has been paid to whether and how diversity beliefs can be shaped. Drawing on theory and research on team diversity beliefs, we propose that diversity beliefs are more effectively influenced by interventions using a promotion (compared with a prevention) focus toward diversity and personal testimonial (compared with factual) knowledge. Results from an experiment conducted with 175 teams revealed that both a promotion focus and personal testimonial knowledge independently contributed to more positive diversity beliefs and consequently increased team elaboration of task-relevant information as well as integration of different perspectives. Our results reveal key factors that can influence diversity beliefs and underscore the pivotal role of diversity beliefs in improving the extent to which team members elaborate information and integrate diverse perspectives.     

农田面源污染团队式治理方法初探

我国农田面源污染的环境经济治理方式还不健全,急需适应我国农业特征的面源污染治理手段。现阶段环境税费政策通过对农业投入的控制,容易影响农户农业生产的积极性,而且还存在一定的技术难度和设备成本约束。团队式治理方法是一种更直接的面源污染监管手段,通过将农户组成团队,比管理单个农户节约成本;通过一定的奖惩措施激励农户主动调整污染排放水平;给定的合约条件约束了农户在重复博弈下的"搭便车"行为,保证了团队的存续。     

Quantification and reduction of erroneous differences between images in remote sensing

The reliability of image data, along with the difficulty of accurately comparing images acquired at different times or from different sensors, is a generic problem in remote sensing. Measurement repeatability errors occur frequently and can substantially reduce the system’s ability to reliably quantify real spectral and spatial change in a target. This paper outlines methodologies for quantifying and reducing erroneous differences between monochrome and multispectral or hyperspectral images. [Each of these image types is acquired by an instrument that collects light photons across a variable range of the electromagnetic spectrum (often referred to as an image band). The hyperspectral image is often referred to as a hyperspectral cube with XY spatial dimensions and many Z bands (spectral demotions)]. In this paper, we specifically discuss the Pixel Block Transform (PBT), the Spectral Averaging Transform (SAT), and the Wavelet Transform (WAVEL). We briefly address sensor fusion. Results indicate that the PBT is a powerful cross-noise and repeatability error reducing tool, applicable to monochrome, multispectral, and hyperspectral images. The SAT is as powerful as the PBT in reducing error but is suitable only for hyperspectral imagery. WAVEL can reduce some of the finer scale noise, but it is not as powerful in reducing cross-noise as PBT or SAT and it requires some trial and error for selecting the appropriate wavelet function. It is important that those involved in developing statistically sound relationships between remotely sensed imagery and other data sources understand the problems and their solutions to prevent wasting time or developing relationships that are statistically insignificant or unstable, or that lead to faulty conclusions.     

倡导清洁生产创建绿色作业

文章通过对创建绿色作业队的认识与实践,提出:创建绿色作业必须依靠科技转变方式;整体规划,典型带动;持续改进,重点落实。从而形成创建绿色作业的长效机制。     

HYDROLOGIC AND HYDRAULIC RESEARCH IN MOUNTAIN RWERS1

ABSTRACT: Although our current (1990) knowledge of hydrologic and hydraulic processes is based on many years of study, there are river environments where these processes are complex and poorly understood. One of these environments is in mountainous areas, which cover about 25 percent of the United States. Use of conventional hydrologic and hydraulic techniques in mountain-river environments may produce erroneous results and interpretations in a wide spectrum of water-resources investigations. An ongoing U.S. Geological Survey research project is being conducted to improve the understanding of hydrologic and hydraulic processes of mountainous areas and to improve the results of subsequent hydrologic investigations. Future hydrologic and hydraulic research needs in mountainous areas are identified.     

EFFECTS OF TIME STEP SIZE IN IMPLICIT DYNAMIC ROUTING1

ABSTRACT The effects of the size of the Δt time step used in the integration of the implicit difference equations of unsteady open-channel flow are determined for numerous typical hydrographs with durations in the order of days or even weeks. Truncation errors related to the size of the Δt time step cause a numerical distortion (dispersion and attenuation) of the computed transient. The magnitude of the distortion is related directly to the size of the time step, the length of channel reach, and the channel resistance and inversely to the time of rise of the hydrograph. The type of finite difference expression which replaces spatial derivatives and non-derivative terms in the partial differential equations of unsteady flow has an important influence on the magnitude of the numerical distortion, as well as the numerical stability of the implicit difference equations. Time step sizes in the range of 3 to 6 hrs generally tend to minimize the combination of required computation time and numerical distortion of transients having a time of rise of the order of several days.     

战略导弹核武器系统人因工程应用研究

以战略导弹核武器系统的设计、生产、使用与维修为背景，分析了人为失误的定义、原因及分类，并根据模糊图理论，提出了一种评估人员可靠性的双向模糊图模型，并对人因工程学在战略导弹核武器系统的应用，提出了一些看法和建议。     

The impact of team familiarity and team leader experience on team coordination errors: A panel analysis of professional basketball teams

To explore the dynamics involved in team coordination, we examine the impact of team familiarity and team leader experience on team coordination errors (TCEs). We argue that team familiarity has a U‐shaped effect on TCEs. We study the moderating effects of team leader prior experience and team leader team‐specific experience on the association between team familiarity and TCEs. We use panel data on teams from the National Basketball Association to test the hypotheses. Our findings support the U‐shaped relationship between team familiarity and TCEs and the moderating effect of team leader team‐specific experience on this relationship. The paper advances research on errors in organizations by analyzing the antecedents of TCEs, so far an underexplored empirical phenomenon. Moreover, it contributes to research on coordination in teams by empirically examining the interplay between formal and informal coordination mechanisms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Translating habitat class to land cover to map area of habitat of terrestrial vertebrates

Area of habitat (AOH) is defined as the “habitat available to a species, that is, habitat within its range” and is calculated by subtracting areas of unsuitable land cover and elevation from the range. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Habitats Classification Scheme provides information on species habitat associations, and typically unvalidated expert opinion is used to match habitat to land-cover classes, which generates a source of uncertainty in AOH maps. We developed a data-driven method to translate IUCN habitat classes to land cover based on point locality data for 6986 species of terrestrial mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. We extracted the land-cover class at each point locality and matched it to the IUCN habitat class or classes assigned to each species occurring there. Then, we modeled each land-cover class as a function of IUCN habitat with (SSG, using) logistic regression models. The resulting odds ratios were used to assess the strength of the association between each habitat and land-cover class. We then compared the performance of our data-driven model with those from a published translation table based on expert knowledge. We calculated the association between habitat classes and land-cover classes as a continuous variable, but to map AOH as binary presence or absence, it was necessary to apply a threshold of association. This threshold can be chosen by the user according to the required balance between omission and commission errors. Some habitats (e.g., forest and desert) were assigned to land-cover classes with more confidence than others (e.g., wetlands and artificial). The data-driven translation model and expert knowledge performed equally well, but the model provided greater standardization, objectivity, and repeatability. Furthermore, our approach allowed greater flexibility in the use of the results and uncertainty to be quantified. Our model can be modified for regional examinations and different taxonomic groups.