Construction of vesicle CdSe nano-semiconductors photocatalysts with improved photocatalytic activity: Enhanced photo induced carriers separation efficiency and mechanism insight

Visible-light-driven photocatalysis as a green technology has attracted a lot of attention due to its potential applications in environmental remediation. Vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor photocatalyst are successfully prepared by a gas template method and characterized by a variety of methods. The vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductors display enhanced photocatalytic performance for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride, the photodegradation rate of78.824% was achieved by vesicle Cd Se, which exhibited an increase of 31.779% compared to granular Cd Se. Such an exceptional photocatalytic capability can be attributed to the unique structure of the vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor with enhanced light absorption ability and excellent carrier transport capability. Meanwhile, the large surface area of the vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor can increase the contact probability between catalyst and target and provide more surface-active centers. The photocatalytic mechanisms are analyzed by active species quenching. It indicates that h+and UO_2~-are the main active species which play a major role in catalyzing environmental toxic pollutants. Simultaneously, the vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor had high efficiency and stability.     

柴油机冷起动辅助措施的匹配优化试验研究

重点论述了柴油机冷启动辅助装置燃油加热器的选型试验。对燃油加热器优劣的评价指标进行了分析研究,提出了燃油加热器的评价方法。最后通过样本CFD分析,优化了燃油加热器与发动机之间水路系统的匹配,实际效果进行了试验验证。     

混合动力汽车尾气余热回收系统的研究

针对尾气余热能量浪费问题,建立了某直列四缸汽油机尾气余热回收发电的系统模型。通过B.T米特罗欣的数学分析法和涡轮特征曲线快速匹配到适合的涡轮机,然后根据涡轮特征曲线对高速发电机进行了匹配。以满足国Ⅴ标准的NEDC工况为参考,对整个系统进行了仿真分析。结果表明,该系统能够实现尾气余热能量的回收,在市区和市郊平均分别可以回收能量1 k W和1.5 k W,市郊最高可达1.8 k W。     

中国农产品虚拟耕地与资源环境经济要素的时空匹配分析

计算出1999~2009年中国各地区农产品虚拟耕地与人口、水资源、耕地资源、水土流失治理以及GDP等要素的基尼系数以及全国8大区域2009年农产品虚拟耕地 资源环境经济要素的不平衡指数。结果表明：(1）我国农产品虚拟耕地与各资源环境经济要素的地域分布匹配程度都不高;其中农产品虚拟耕地与人口、耕地的地域匹配程度相对较高,与水土流失治理之间的地域匹配状况次之,与GDP和水资源的地域匹配程度相对较低;(2）我国农产品虚拟耕地与各资源环境经济要素的外部公平性不高,黄淮海地区为农产品虚拟耕地 资源环境经济要素不公平性最突出地区,其次是华南、西北和东北地区     

单宁为模板制备纳米二氧化钛 及其对钍的吸附性能

以杨梅单宁(BT)为模板,水热法合成纳米二氧化钛(BT-NTO)。采用XRD、FTIR、SEM和TEM技术对BT-NTO的结构及形貌进行了表征。将BT-NTO用于吸附溶液中的Th~(4+),在溶液pH为3.5、温度为25℃、Th~(4+)初始浓度为0.5 mmol/L的条件下,BT-NTO对Th~(4+)的吸附量为0.905 8 mmol/g;吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附方程;溶液中共存的Zn~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Sr~(2+)、Yb~(3+)、Nd~(3+)、Sm~(3+)、Gd~(3+)、La~(3+)、Cl-、ClO4-离子对Th~(4+)吸附量影响较小;BT-NTO的重复使用性能较好。     

Novel eco-friendly spherical porous adsorbent fabricated from Pickering middle internal phase emulsions for removal of Pb(II) and Cd (II)

Spherical porous materials prepared from the emulsion template used in the water treat-ment have displayed a vast prospect,as the high surface area,abundant porous structure,convenient operation and excellent adsorption performance.But the tedious fabrication process,high consumption of organic solvent and surfactant limited the application widely.Herein,a facile and eco-friendly spherical porous adsorbent (SPA) is fabricated from the green surfactant-free (corn oil)-in-water Pickering medium internal phase emulsions (Pick-ering MIPEs) via the convenient ion crosslinking procedure.The Pickering MIPEs synergis-tically stabilized with the semi-coke (SC),which is the natural particle produced from the shale oil distillation,and sodium alginate (SA) has excellent storage and anti-coalescence stability.The as-prepared porous adsorbent possessed the abundant pore structure,which provided favorable conditions for effective mass transfer in adsorption,and could be tuned by varying the SA dosage.The saturation adsorption capacities of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) can be achieved with 460.54 and 278.77 mg/g within 45 min at 25℃,respectively.Overall,this study supplied a viable and eco-friendly route for fabricating the spherical porous adsorbent with a tunable porous structure for heavy metal ion wastewater.     

纳米TiO_2纤维的制备及其光催化降解甲醛研究

以胶原纤维为模板制备纳米TiO2纤维用于光助催化降解甲醛气体,用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和N2吸附-脱附技术对纳米TiO2纤维进行了表征。结果表明,纳米TiO2纤维的比表面积为11.33 m2/g,晶型为锐钛矿型。在相同催化反应条件下纳米TiO2纤维对甲醛气体的催化降解率与商品纳米TiO(2Degussa P25)催化剂相当。纳米TiO2纤维的用量、甲醛气体初始浓度是影响催化效果的两个因素。当甲醛气体初始浓度为0.270 mg/m3,相对湿度为38%,气体流速0.1 L/min,纳米TiO2纤维用量为1.0 g时,甲醛的降解率达到96%。因此,纳米TiO2纤维可用于室内甲醛气体的催化降解。     

沸石负载介孔TiO_2的制备及其可见光催化性能研究

以人工沸石为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备出了沸石负载介孔改性TiO2光催化剂。以亚甲基蓝为目标污染物,研究了不同掺杂金属及介孔薄膜制备方法对纳米TiO2可见光催化性能的影响。用扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)等手段研究了掺杂改性前后TiO2的变化。研究发现,N-Fe掺杂可使催化剂的光吸收谱带红移。当掺杂Fe的比为0.2%,焙烧温度为500℃时制备的TiO2效果最好,在可见光照射2 h后,亚甲基蓝的去除率可达90%。研究表明经十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作为模板剂修饰后的TiO2催化效果有明显提高,通过将经过萃取去除模板剂的共掺TiO2和直接高温焙烧的TiO2对比后发现,前者比后者降解亚甲基蓝的效果要好,原因在于,高温直接焙烧去除模板剂很容易使模板剂形成的骨架塌陷,减小了比表面积,从而影响了其光催化性能。     

三维有序介孔铈钴铜催化剂的制备及其降解邻二甲苯的机制

以PMMA为模板,通过聚乙二醇(PEG400)和柠檬酸辅助的溶胶凝胶法制备三维有序介孔铈钴铜(3DOM 3C)催化剂,应用BET、SEM、XRD和XPS等对不同煅烧温度的3DOM 3C催化剂进行表征分析,研究了催化剂活性及其影响因素,并利用FT-IR和GC-MS对降解产物进行分析,推测出催化降解邻二甲苯的机理.结果表明,煅烧温度500℃时制备的3DOM 3C催化剂表面具有三维介孔结构,且分散均匀,表面的晶体氧化物最少,存在大量的Cu~(2+)、Ce~(3+)和表面氧,催化剂表面存在更多的固溶体、表面活性位点和氧空位,有利于提高催化活性.在邻二甲苯初始浓度600 ppm、空速16000 h~(-1)、50%O_2条件下,煅烧温度500℃时制备的3DOM 3C催化效果最佳,在260℃时,3DOM 3C催化剂对邻二甲苯的转化率达98%,T_(90)为250℃. 3DOM 3C对邻二甲苯的转化率随着初始浓度、空速和相对湿度的升高而呈下降趋势,随着O_2含量的增加而增加.气流中混入150 ppm的乙酸乙酯能够提高邻二甲苯的转化率,提高其低温催化性能.邻二甲苯催化反应后催化剂表面的O—H、■、C—H和金属—氧键都相应的减少,降解中间产物主要有邻甲基苯甲醛和邻甲基苯甲酸.邻二甲苯降解反应涉及Mars Van Krevelen机理(MVK),先被氧化成邻甲基苯甲醛,再进一步氧化成邻甲基苯甲酸,最终生成CO_2和H_2O.     

Synthesis of Molecular Imprinting Polymers Separating Toluic Acid Isomers (II)

Polymers that can separate toluic acid isomers were synthesized by molecular imprinting technique. Molecular imprinting polymers (MIPs) for each isomer of toluic acids (TA) were synthesized using styrene and 4-vinylpyridine (4-Vpy). The adsorption characteristics of TA isomers, salicylic acid (SA), and benzoic acid (BA) on each MIP were investigated. The materials used for polymerization of TA isomers MIPs were adsorbed relatively well. This verifies that the MIPs which can adsorb template selectively were synthesized. In addition, the quantities of adsorbed TA isomers on the TA isomers MIPs and on the control polymer polymerized without template were compared and discussed. The variation of adsorption ability for MIPs with repeated use was investigated, showing excellent reproducibility.