The Thermal Discharges From Nuclear Power Plants in Taiwan

The increasing use of sea water for industrial cooling presents a real threat to the ecological environment in the ocean. in Taiwan where many electric power plants along the coast take sea water for cooling, people are concerned seriously about nuclear power plants. There are three nuclear power plants in Taiwan. Each plant has two units for generating power. the first two are located along the northern coast of Taiwan. the third is located in Kenting National Park along the coast of southernmost Taiwan. the plants take sea water for cooling, and discharge their heated effluents to the ocean surface from the coast. the thermal effluents have variable effects on the ecological environment near the plants. Fishermen living near the power plants complain that the heated water affects the inshore fishery catch. in addition, the thermal water from the second plant is easily accumulated near the coastal zone to influence the nearby swimming area in the summer-time. the thermal water from the third plant bleaches or kills some corals in shallow water near the outlet, and this conflicts with the interests of Kenting National Park.     

Decomposition of CF3CI by corona discharge

In this paper pulsed corona discharge is shown to be effective for the decomposition of CF₃Cl(Freon-13).The pressure of CF₃Cl was 2.67×10³Pa,after discharged for 2 min,39.5% of CF₃Cl was decomposed.The products were mainly CF₄,Cl₂ and CF₂Cl₂.The yield increased by adding O₂ or air.Under the same conditions,more than 94% decomposition yield was obtained if 5.32×10³Pa O₂ or air was added.The composition of products became CF₂O,Cl₂ and CF₄.While the partial pressure of O₂ or air reached 1 arm,the decomposition yield decreased to 54.5% and 48. 5% respectively.     

红外和热分析联用在化工产品研究中的应用

运用实例论述了红外光谱分析与热分析联用在化工产品的产品开发和检测方面的应用。     

不锈钢板式热沉传热特性的实验与模拟研究

目的 研究流量、胀高及焊点排布方式对不锈钢板式热沉传热特性的影响。方法 搭建实验平台,加工出结构参数不同的板式热沉实验件,同时采用静力隐式算法建立相应的几何模型,通过实验与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究流量、胀高和焊点排布方式的变化对板式热沉热阻的影响规律,并分析热沉流道内部流场状态。结果 首先计算了6个工况下的热阻,发现实际换热量为540 W时,数值模拟与实验结果的最大相对误差不大于25%。然后分析了误差来源,最后得到了热沉全流道速度场与温度场的分布情况。结论 实验与模拟结果有较好的符合程度,证明了数值模拟方法的可靠性。在换热量相同时,板式热沉的热阻随流量与胀高的增大而减小,焊点为菱形排布的热沉传热性能相对更好。板式热沉内部的流场具有周期性,焊点使流体扰动增强,并形成射流和旋涡,起到了强化传热的效果。     

污泥厌氧消化的热预处理研究进展

热预处理能够提高后续厌氧消化效率,改善污泥脱水性能。对国内外污泥热预处理的研究进行了归纳,包括热与碱、超声波和氧化法的联合预处理,重点介绍了热预处理对污泥溶解作用、厌氧消化、脱水性和流变性的影响,分析了热处理与厌氧消化整体的能量平衡。最后提出了热预处理研究中存在的问题,并展望了今后的发展趋势。     

土壤电阻加热技术原位修复有机污染土壤的关键问题与展望

为解决我国近年来重污染企业搬迁遗留的有机污染土壤问题,土壤电阻加热修复技术(electrical resistance heating,ERH)等热处置技术日益受到重视。ERH是目前修复挥发性、半挥发性有机污染土壤最具有潜力的原位热修复技术之一,其污染物去除率及土壤性质变化是用以评估该土壤修复技术的核心指标。在查阅文献的基础上,系统分析了热处置及电阻加热技术相关原理与适用范围,并对ERH处置过程中土壤性质可能发生的变化进行了深入讨论,以期为我国有机污染土壤原位热修复技术的推广和应用提供参考。     

锂离子电池安全性特点及热模型研究

锂离子电池的安全问题越来越受到重视.本文从锂离子电池热安全性特点着手,分析了锂离子电池的着火、爆炸和电解液泄漏等安全事故特点.简单介绍了锂离子电池主要材料的产热特性、相互反应产热特性.讨论了锂离子电池热模型建立的两种途径,即量热仪途径和化学反应途径,通过这些热模型的建立,来指导锂离子电池的安全设计和管理.     

新型介质阻挡放电反应器同时处理废气和废液研究

为了充分发挥介质阻挡放电处理污染物的能力.本研究依据介质阻挡放电降解废气和废液的原理,设计了一种介质阻挡放电同时处理废液和废气的反应器,并对模拟废气甲苯和染料废水进行处理.实验过程中对甲苯和染料废水分别单独处理和两者同时处理的效果进行了比较.结果表明,甲苯在单独处理和同染料废水同时处理时都可达到较高的降解效果,两者同时处理时甲苯的降解效率可达88.6%.并且在甲苯降解效率基本保持不变的情况下,本反应器可以实现对染料废水的同步降解,其中处理50 mg·L-1活性艳蓝60min时,降解率可达95.4%,每小时处理量为35.8 mg.通过同时处理甲苯和染料废水提高了反应器的能量利用效率.     

Decomposition and phosphorus release from four di erent size fractions of Microcystis spp. taken from Lake Taihu, China

Decomposition of Microcystis is accompanied by the release of phosphorus, during bacteria play an important role. A series of experiments were undertaken to evaluate the e ect of bacteria on the decomposition of Microcystis taken from Lake Taihu, China, a lake that is su ering from dense Microcystis blooms. The 16 experiments involved four size fractions of colonial Microcystis with or without the addition of lake sediment and Gram-negative bacterial inhibitor NaN3. The highest decomposition rates were recorded for the smallest size Microcystis fraction (< 25 m) with the addition of the sediment. The lowest decomposition rates were recorded for the smallest Microcystis fraction without the sediment, but with the addition of Gram-negative bacterial inhibitor NaN3. The higher decomposition rates in the treatments with NaN3 and sediment suggest that Gram-positive bacteria in the sediment are important for the decomposition process. Additionally, higher concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) in the treatments with NaN3 suggest that more phosphorus accumulates in the Gram-negative bacterial cells around the colony, which may be an important source of phosphorus for Microcystis cells. In the no-sediment treatments, the ratios of TDP concentration to initial TP concentration were 64%–82%. The results of this experiment suggest that both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria play an important role in the decomposition of Microcystis cells and the release of phosphorus from Microcystis colonies.     

火电建设项目环境影响评价基础数据库建设方案与应用

针对火电建设项目环境影响评价的特点,提出了火电建设项目环境影响评价基础数据库的资料入库格式和内容要求。结合数据库的分类统计和GIS地理信息系统的空间分析功能,提出了基础数据库的数据处理与统计分析及数据库应用系统的建设方案,并得到初步应用。