被害人安全性保障机制探索——以重大责任事故为视角

从安全社会学、安全制度学角度探讨被害人安全性,创建一个被害人安全诉讼保障机制。采用比较、归纳等方法分析被害人安全性价值的正当性,被害人的安全性在刑事诉讼中主要表现为尊重被害人的主体性;改进传统"三角诉讼构造",建立"锥形诉讼构造",形成一种被害人、检察官、被告人(或罪犯)在法官主持下相互制约、相互对抗的立体诉讼格局;进一步研讨"锥形诉讼构造"的理论和应用程序,在刑事程序上保障被害人的安全性。     

公共场所火灾伤员转运护理应急资源评估

为保障伤员生命与健康,提升火灾伤员救治率,该文研究公共场所火灾伤员转运护理应急资源评估方法.以火灾伤员转运护理应急资源需求分析为基础,从应急人员、应急设备、应急环境信息与应急管理四个方面出发,共选取15个评估指标,构建公共场所火灾伤员转运护理应急资源评估指标体系,根据各指标采集相关数据并对数据实施量纲标准化处理.构建基...     

Prevalence of alcohol among nonfatally injured road accident casualties in two level III trauma centers in northern Ghana

Background: Alcohol use is pervasive among motorists on the road in Ghana; however, we do not know the extent to which this behavior is implicated in road accidents in this country.

Objectives: The main objective of this research was to establish the prevalence of alcohol in the blood of nonfatally injured casualties in the emergency departments (EDs) in northern Ghana.

Method: Participants were injured road traffic crash victims, namely, pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, and drivers seeking treatment at an ED. The study sites were 2 level III trauma centers located in Wa and Bolgatanga. Participants were screened for alcohol followed by breath tests for positive participants using breathalyzers.

Results: Two hundred and sixty-two accident victims visited EDs, 58% of whom were in Wa. Among the victims, 41% were hospitalized and 57% experienced slight injuries. The vast majority (76%) of the casualties were motorcyclists, 13% were pedestrians, 8% were cyclists, and 2% were drivers. Casualties who had detectable alcohol in their blood were predominantly vulnerable road users. In all, 34% of participants had detectable blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) and the mean BAC for all casualties who tested positive and could give definitive BACs was 0.2265 (226 mg/dl). The prevalence of alcohol use was 53% among cyclists, 34% among motorcyclists, 21% among pedestrians, and 17% among drivers. Male casualties were more likely to test positive for alcohol than females. In addition, the prevalence of alcohol was significantly higher among injured casualties in Bolgatanga compared to Wa.

Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of alcohol use among nonfatally injured casualties in northern Ghana and injury severity increased with BAC. AUDIT screening in the hospital, alcohol consumption guideline, road safety education with an emphasis on minimizing or eliminating alcohol consumption, and enhanced enforcement of the BAC limit among motorists are recommended.     

汶川地震灾区受灾群众重建意愿实证研究

选择何种重建方式(原址重建或异地搬迁等)是灾后重建的首要问题.所谓重建意愿即在原居住地受到地震等自然灾害破坏时,受灾居民对不同重建方式(原址重建还是异地搬迁或者两者之间的状态)的选择倾向.了解灾区群众的重建意愿及其因素影响是受灾县(市)制订灾后重建规划、并推动实施的重要前提.通过对五大极重灾区1243户城乡受灾居民家庭问卷调查、深度访谈.结果表明:受灾居民所在县(市)、目前安置地、户口类型、受教育程度、适应新环境能力及未来经济预期等因素对其重建意愿有显著影响.研究认为:选择重建方式应在尊重群众意愿的前提下,结合实际充分论证;在此基础上,应结合目前的临时安置地对城乡布局合理规划;应将灾后重建和城乡统筹及生态扶贫相结合来考虑,着力提高受灾居民的就业技能和受教育程度,从而提高适应新环境生产生活的能力;加大在灾区的产业恢复重建力度,特别尽快恢复关系民生的产业以及就业容量大的产业.     

多维公平测度下考虑灾民心理痛苦效应的应急资源调配

为有效降低灾后初期应急资源短缺情况下灾民生理和心理受到的伤害,提出等待效应和短缺效应衡量救援过程中的灾民心理痛苦效应,同时耦合时间和供需情况2个维度测度救援过程中的公平性指标,构建调度总时间最短、时间攀比最小和灾民心理痛苦效应最低的多目标应急资源调配模型,研究多灾点、多配送中心、多种类物资救援场景下的应急资源分配和路径...     

A preliminary investigation of socio-economic problems following the 1978 Thessaloniki (Greece) earthquake

The consequences of social and economic disruption in the city of Thessaloniki following the large earthquake in 1978 are investigated. Specifically, the phenomenon of organized life in camps for Thessaloniki residents over a long period of time is studied. With the use of a questionnaire, all data regarding each person in the camps were assembled and processed with the correspondence analysis method.     

灾区居民重建信心及其影响因素研究

汶川地震已2周年了.研究灾区居民的重建信心及影响因素,有利于有针对性采取措施增强他们的重建信心,充分发挥其重建主体作用,从而为实现各项重建任务目标奠定基础,并为青海玉树的灾后重建提供经验借鉴.因此研究受灾群众的重建信心具有重要意义,但相关理论与实证研究鲜见.本文通过回顾国内外的有关文献,构建起评价受灾群众重建信心指标体系,通过2008年8月、2009年2月、2010年1月三个不同时点对五大极重灾县(市)近3 000个样本实证分析,结果表明:不同受灾群众的重建信心在不同时点具有显著差异,目前重建信心有下降趋势;因灾受伤情况越严重、除房屋外因灾财产损失及地震对工作经营或生产影响越大的群体,其重建信心总体上越弱;随着时间推移,"震前经济状况"不同的受灾群众之间的重建信心差异由不显著向显著转变,而"银行住房贷款"数量不同的受灾群体之间的重建信心差异由显著向不显著转变.     

紧急避难场所优化布局理论研究

建设应急避难场所是国际社会应对突发性事件的一项灾民安置措施,同时也是现代化大城市用于民众躲避地震、火灾、爆炸、洪水等重大自然灾害的安全避难场所.本文在对避难场所规划原则、城市避难场所布局、选址及其要求进行分析的基础上,提出了城市避难场所数量、容量的确定路线,并对避难场所布局优化进行了研究,提出了网络优化模型,并结合实际应用对其进行了一定的完善.