社会和谐与可持续发展

本文运用系统科学原理阐释了社会和谐的内涵,指出社会和谐须以人与自然和谐为基础,以人与人之间的平等、友爱和同合作为表征,其构建与实现应遵从人类社会的演化规律,依赖予在把握人类社会需求演绎、协同人与自然关系的基础上推动生产力的高效有序发展和自然资源、生态环境的可持续支持.进而从可持续发展角度,提出了人与自然和谐的"双剩余理论",以揭示其间的供瓣枧理和协同准则;推导出了社会收益分配的相对公平系数,以衡量人与人公平要求下的社会和谐.针对国情和战略目标要求,提出了以加强小城镇建设为轴心的城市、小城镇与农村人流、物流、财流和信息流合理聚散的"三元结构"发展模式,以促进我国和谐社会的建设和可持续发展战略的有序实践.     

沈阳市农村生活污水处理设施有机废弃物归趋

采用实地观察法、文献调查法对沈阳市农村生活污水处理设施基本状况进行研究分析。结果显示:沈阳市已建成农村生活污水处理设施297处,有机废弃物产生量(干重)约为:剩余污泥637 t/a、湿地植物废弃物169 t/a。     

Removal of high concentrated ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate by landfilled waste layer

The landfill of municipal solid waste(MSW) could be regarded as denitrification reactor and involved in ammonia nitrogen biological removal process. In this research, the process was applied to municipal solid waste collected in Shanghai, China, which was characterized by high food waste content. The NH4^ removal efficiency in the system of SBR nitrifying reactor followed by fresh and matured landfilled waste layer in series was studied. In the nitrifying reactor, above 90% of NH4^ in leachate was oxidized to NO2^- and NO3^- . Then high concentrated NO2^- and NO3^- were removed in the way of denitrification process in fresh landfilled waste layer. At the same time, degradation of fresh landfilled waste was accelerated. Up to the day 120, 136.5 gC/(kg dry waste) and 17.9 gN/(kg dry waste) were converted from waste layer. It accounted for 50.15 % and 86.89 % of the total carbon and nitrogen content of preliminary fresh waste, which was 4.42 times and 5.17 times higher than that of reference column respectively. After filtering through matured landfilled waste, BOD5 concentration in leachate dropped to below 100 mg/L, which would not affect following nitrification adversely. Because the matured landfilled waste acted as a well methanogenic reactor, 23% of carbon produced accumulatively from fresh landfilled waste degradation was converted into CH4.     

经济增长方式与环境保护的战略转变

粗放型增长模式严峻挑战中国科学发展 我国人均淡水资源量仅为世界人均占有量的25％；人均耕地不到世界平均水平的40％；人均森林面积仅为世界人均占有量的20％；人均占有林木蓄积量仅为世界平均水平（83立方米）的12％；45种主要矿产资源人均占有量不到世界平均水平的50％，我国能源资源人均拥有量远低于世界平均水平，煤炭、石油、天然气人均剩余可采储量分别只有世界平均水平的58．6％、7．69％和7．05％。尽管早在“九五”计划中就明确提出要使经济增长方式由粗放型向集约型转变，但目前我国仍然表现出明显的粗放型经济增长方式特征。片面追求GDP增长和粗放型经济增长方式给中国的资源、环境带来的巨大压力和严重后果。     

Distribution characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the Typha latifolia constructed wetlands using fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH)

A molecular biology method, fluorescent in situ hybridization（FISH）, in which the pre-treatment was improved in allusion to the media of the constructed wetlands（CW）, e.g. the soil and the grit, was used to investigate the vertical distribution characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria（AOB） quantity and the relation with oxidation-reduction potential（ORP） in the Typha latifolia constructed wetlands under three different Ioadings in summer from May to September. Results showed that the quantity of the AOB decreased in the Typha latifolia CW with the increase of vertical depth. However, the AOB quantity was 2-4 times the quantity of the control in the root area. Additionally, ORP in the rhizosphere was found to be higher than other areas, which showed that Typha latifolia CW was in an aerobic state in summer when using simulated non-point sewage at the rural area of Taihu Lake in China and small town combined sewage.     

HA-SBR法在制药废水中的应用

介绍SBR法在制药废水中的应用及工艺流程.通过处理COD从3600mg/l降到130mg/l.COD总去除率达到96%,出水可以达标排放.     

化肥厂废氨水脱硫的可行性探讨

镇海石化总厂化肥厂从１９９３年６月开始采用双氧水对污水装置含硫氨水进行脱硫试验．利用双氧水分解后气态氧的氧化作用，对含硫氨水进行氧化反应，最后使氨水中Ｓ－３分解成Ｓ和硫代硫酸盐排出，经试验，效果较好，硫去除率达９９６．５８％。     

利用石灰窑二氧化碳与焦化厂废氨水生产碳酸氢铵肥料

<正> 1 前言柳钢现有两座40m~3的石灰竖窑。设计年产生石灰2.4万t,实际年产量达到4.0万t。每座窑的平均烟气量为1.2万Nm~3/h。烟气中烟尘平均浓度为1.6g/Nm~3,二氧化碳的平均含量为30.0%。这种烟气直接外排,严重污染大气。另方面,柳钢还有两座66型25孔老焦炉,其混合氨水蒸氨后采用氨水流程。     

无剩余污泥接触氧化法处理漂染废水的探讨

对漂染废水的处理，虽能做到达标排放，但其剩余污泥的生成量也过多，该文以上海信泰纺织品有限公司无剩余污泥接触氧化法处理漂染废水的实例，表明了既可提高污染物去除率，又能节省投资和运转费用，通过两年的运行实践，证明效果良好，在对酸化反应器的设计和有效控制方面，以及氧化反应器与酸化反应器的运行管理等方面也进行了探讨。     

酚标准溶液的稳定性实验

探讨了稳定性评价的方法原理，对国家标准所的酚标准溶液，进行了开瓶后的稳定性实验。结果表明，酚标准溶液在开瓶后一个月内仍然保护良好的稳写状态。