中国生物入侵现状及对策

生物入侵是当今世界三大难题之一,中国也是世界上遭受生物入侵危害最大的国家之一.入侵中国的生物主要是以陆生植物为主,源地以美洲为主.在地域分布上南方和东部地区比较严重.主要侵入途径是以人类活动影响为主,自然扩散比重比较小.生物入侵对我国造成的危害十分巨大,解决生物入侵的主要对策是加强立法,全民重视.     

南方城市小康住宅区建设应注重生态原则

从生态学角度出发，介绍小康住宅区的生态内涵及其在我国南方城市建设中应注重的生态原则。提出：(1)因地制宜，最大限度保持原地形地貌；(2)扩大物种多样性，提高宅区“绿量”；(3)保持区内住宅可持续发展；(4)推广使用清洁能源，使废物最少化资源化。     

纸张消费激增拷问可持续发展对策

每个人每天都要用纸.如今,各类纸产品五花八门,在生活和工作的各个角落无所不在.但是有多少人知道,正是市场上日益丰富、琳琅满目的纸产品和消费者快速增加的需求,带来了中国南方海南、广西、云南、广东等省区经济发展模式的一场激烈争论.     

南方雨季对LFG横向迁移影响的试验研究

就我国南方雨季对 Ｌ Ｆ Ｇ 横向迁移的影响问题进行了现场试验研究．研究结果表明，南方雨季对 Ｌ Ｆ Ｇ 横向迁移的影响十分明显．旱季时，土壤饱和度降低， Ｌ Ｆ Ｇ 迁移距离较大．雨季时，土壤饱和度提高， Ｌ Ｆ Ｇ 迁移距离大为缩短．如果在填埋场边界构筑渗沥液回灌系统，既可以对渗沥液进行回灌处理，又可以形成地下饱和土隔离带，是一种控制 Ｌ Ｆ Ｇ 横向迁移的有效辅助方法．     

云蒙山居

过易水，经清西陵，沿弯曲却平坦的山路西行，到云蒙山。 北方的山缺少南方山岭的秀美，多的是刚毅与冷峻，却也更见山的性格，像北方汉子，虽不够细致，但那种无遮无拦的粗犷豁达自有动人之处。     

我国南方地区自然资源现状及其对策初探

为了很好地开发、利用、保护我国南方山地丘陵地区,如何评价和认识这一地区的自然资源和生产潜力状况是一个极为重要的问题。到目前为止,比较普遍的认识是,这个地区水热条件优越,自然资源丰富。但是我们认为这一认识不够全面,应该更具体地加以探讨和分析。 就我们的理解,所谓“资源”,并非是纯自然科学的研究对象,而是一个渗透有经济学因素的概念,因为一般词典中的解释是“资财的来源”,或者是“生产资料和生活资料的天然来源”。因此在评价一个地区的自然资源状况时,就不应只单纯考虑其自然条件和自然     

不感冒的十大法宝

随着天气转暖,各种细菌病毒已进入到活跃期,气候的不稳定也给感冒“侵袭”提供了条件。北方早晚温差较大,风大、干燥、扬尘多的气候环境也有利于细菌病毒的传播,而南方这段时期雨水增多,空气潮湿,也容易造成抵抗力下降,易患感冒。     

南方红壤丘陵区粮食生产的完全成本 ——以湖南省祁阳县为例

针对目前我国农业生产中的资源环境问题,指出粮食生产成本核算的不完整性,粮食生产造成的资源耗减和环境降级得不到补偿。运用环境经济学原理和可持续发展理论对粮食生产的完全成本进行分析,提出粮食生产的完全成本除包括直接生产成本外,还应包括粮食生产的资源环境成本。论文以南方红壤丘陵区的湖南省祁阳县为研究对象进行案例分析,研究表明,2008年该区域粮食生产的资源环境成本相当于当年农业总产值的36.55%;早、中、晚稻的完全成本分别达到4.27、3.84和4.40元·kg^-1,其中资源环境成本分别为1.38、 1.65和1.64元·kg^-1,直接生产成本分别为2.89、 2.19和2.76元·kg^-1,而实际市场价格分别仅有1.76、 1.90和1.84元·kg^-1。研究结果对有关部门制定相关农业政策、调整粮食生产布局、促进区域粮食生产和可持续发展具有一定的参考价值。     

Biostability in distribution systems in one city in southern China：Characteristics, modeling and control strategy

This study investigated the bacterial regrowth in drinking water distribution systems receiving finished water from an advanced drinking water treatment plant in one city in southem China. Thirteen nodes in two water supply zones with different aged pipelines were selected to monitor water temperature, dissolved oxygen （DO）, chloramine residual, assimilable organic carbon （AOC）, and heterotrophic plate counts （HPC）. Regression and principal component analyses indicated that HPC had a strong correlation with chloramine residual. Based on Chick-Watson＇s Law and the Monod equation, biostability curves under different conditions were developed to achieve the goal of HPC 100 CFU/mL. The biostability curves could interpret the scenario under various AOC concentrations and predict the required chloramine residual concentration under the condition of high AOC level. The simulation was also carded out to predict the scenario with a stricter HPC goal （≤50 CFU/mL） and determine the required chloramine residual. The biological regrowth control strategy was assessed using biostability curve analysis. The results indicated that maintaining high chloramine residual concentration was the most practical way to achieve the goal of HPC ≤ 100 CFU/mL. Biostability curves could be a very useful tool for biostability control in distribution systems. This work could provide some new insights towards biostability control in real distribution systems.     

Compositions and sources of organic acids in fine particles (PM2.5) over the Pearl River Delta region, south China

Organic acids as important constituents of organic aerosols not only influence the aerosols' hygroscopic property, but also enhance the formation of new particles and secondary organic aerosols. This study reported organic acids including C14–C32fatty acids, C4–C9dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids in PM2.5collected during winter 2009 at six typical urban, suburban and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta region. Averaged concentrations of C14–C32fatty acids, aromatic acids and C4– C9 dicarboxylic acids were 157, 72.5 and 50.7 ng/m3, respectively. They totally accounted for 1.7% of measured organic carbon. C20–C32fatty acids mainly deriving from higher plant wax showed the highest concentration at the upwind rural site with more vegetation around, while C14–C18fatty acids were more abundant at urban and suburban sites, and dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids except 1,4-phthalic acid peaked at the downwind rural site. Succinic and azelaic acid were the most abundant among C4–C9dicarboxylic acids, and 1,2-phthalic and 1,4-phthalic acid were dominant aromatic acids. Dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids exhibited significant mutual correlations except for 1,4-phthalic acid, which was probably primarily emitted from combustion of solid wastes containing polyethylene terephthalate plastics. Spatial patterns and correlations with typical source tracers suggested that C14–C32fatty acids were mainly primary while dicarboxylic and aromatic acids were largely secondary. Principal component analysis resolved six sources including biomass burning, natural higher plant wax, two mixed anthropogenic and two secondary sources; further multiple linear regression revealed their contributions to individual organic acids. It turned out that more than 70% of C14–C18fatty acids were attributed to anthropogenic sources, about 50%–85% of the C20–C32fatty acids were attributed to natural sources, 80%–95% of dicarboxylic acids and 1,2-phthalic acid were secondary in contrast with that 81% of 1,4-phthalic acid was primary.