水中多氯代芳香化合物（PCAs）在自然沉积物及活性污泥中的吸附特征

本对珠江三角洲水体中来源广、毒性大的多氧代芳香化台物(PCAs)在两种自然沉积物和活性污泥中的吸附特征进行了初步研究。研究结果表明，在球江广州诃段鸦岗底泥和顺德鱼塘底怩中，1，2，4一三氯苯、1，2，4，5一四氯苯、五氯苯主要呈现为Fruendlich非线性吸附，六氯苯、2，4，6一三氯酚、五氯酚、七氯和Aroclor1260则表现为线性吸附，而在活性污泥颗粒物上几种PCAs均表现为线性吸附。PCAs的吸附行为与Kow有一定关系，但主要与固体颗粒物中有机碳和粘土成分含量有关．有机碳和粘土成分的高低不仅影响PCAs在颗粒物上吸附容量的大小，其比值还决定了PCAs的吸附方式。     

青霉素过敏者不宜从医

一位新参加工作的护士，因注射青霉素时发生严重过敏反应，经抢救脱险。两个月后．她在为病人配制青霉素液时再次过敏，嗣后一闻到青霉素气味即头昏、心慌、出冷汗、神志恍惚。经向有关专家咨询得知，青霉素过敏者不宜从事医护工作。     

水泥生产急性硫化氢中毒事故分析

硫化氢（H2S）是无色、剧毒,有臭鸡蛋气味的刺激性气体,人体吸入后可致急性中毒,且中毒多为群体急性中毒事件。其毒性作用的主要靶器官是中枢神经系统和呼吸系统,亦可伴有心脏等多器官损害,吸入高浓度硫化氢后立即发生急性中毒,引起昏迷,呼吸与血管中枢麻痹、细胞内缺氧和窒息,     

臭气(恶臭)的测定与气味传感器

由于"气味"具有芳香(香味)和恶臭(臭味)等多种多样的特征,所以很难用同一尺度进行评价。因此,进行气味评价(量化)时,需要在明确目的的基础之上,选择适当的评价方法。在此对恶臭的相关测定方法以及在企业等现场进行自主管理时使用的简易测定方法,气味传感器(恶臭测试仪)的使用事例进行介绍。     

Potential particulate pollution derived from UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide

UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was carried out in a static White cell chamber with UV irradiation. The combination of in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), wide-range particle spectrometer (WPS) technique, filter sampling and ion chromatographic (IC) analysis was used to monitor the gaseous and potential particulate products. During 240 min of UV irradiation, the degradation e ciency of DMS attained 20.9%, and partially oxidized sulfur-containing gaseous products, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were identified by in situ FT-IR and GC-MS analysis, respectively. Accompanying with the oxidation of DMS, suspended particles were directly detected to be formed by WPS techniques. These particles were measured mainly in the size range of accumulation mode, and increased their count median diameter throughout the whole removal process. IC analysis of the filter samples revealed that methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and other unidentified chemicals accounted for the major non-refractory compositions of these particles. Based on products analysis and possible intermediates formed, the degradation pathways of DMS were proposed as the combination of the O(1D)- and the OH- initiated oxidation mechanisms. A plausible formation mechanism of the suspended particles was also analyzed. It is concluded that UV-induced degradation of odorous DMS is potentially a source of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere.     

Quantitative method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals based on odor sensitivity distribution：Illustrated using 2-MIB

Taste and odor （T/O） in drinking water often cause consumer complaints and are thus regulated in many countries. However, people in different regions may exhibit different sensitivities toward WO. This study proposed a method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals （ORGs） based on the odor sensitivity distribution of the local population. The distribution of odor sensitivity to 2-methylisobomeol （2-MIB） by the local population in Beijing, China was revealed by using a normal distribution function/model to describe the odor complaint response to a 2-MIB episode in 2005, and a 2-MIB concentration of 12.9 ng/L and FPA （flavor profile analysis） intensity of 2.5 was found to be the critical point to cause odor complaints. Thus the Beijing ORG for 2-MIB was determined to be 12.9 ng/L. Based on the assumption that the local FPA panel can represent the local population in terms of sensitivity to odor, and that the critical FPA intensity causing odor complaints was 2.5, this study tried to determine the ORGs for seven other cities of China by performing FPA tests using an FPA panel from the corresponding city. ORG values between 12.9 and 31.6 ng/L were determined, showing that a unified ORG may not be suitable for drinking water odor regulations. This study presents a novel approach for setting drinking water odor regulations.     

煤热解废水典型工艺流程中芳香化合物的降解特性

选取河南某低阶煤热解废水处理典型工艺流程为研究对象,探讨了各单元对芳香化合物的降解特性。通过降解效能对比发现,SBR工艺对酚类(96.13%)和氮杂环类化合物(78.13%)的降解能力最高,故其为芳香化合物降解的核心单元。通过凝胶色谱、紫外-可见光光谱和三维荧光光谱对全流程废水特性的表征,推测出其分子质量在3 kDa左右,荧光峰在Ex/Em=(300～370) nm/(400～450) nm的腐殖酸物质是煤热解废水关键的难生化物质。各单元的统计分析结果表明,废水处理效果不佳的原因在于酸化、气浮、好氧及强氧化单元。在此基础上,根据最新研究结果和成功案例对现有工艺提出了针对性改进方案。以上结果可为类似的废水处理工程提供参考。     

太湖流域典型城镇水环境芳香胺类污染特征

利用固相萃取-气相色谱/串联质谱法(SPE-GC-MS/MS),对太湖流域上游城镇常州武南地区的地表水体和典型排放源中的4种芳香胺类污染物(AAs)进行连续2年监测,综合分析了2018～2019年间AAs的污染及浓度特征.结果表明,武南地区河网中目标AAs的总浓度范围为相似文献   

芳香类有机物的氯化反应特性研究

选取几种受污染水中有代表性的芳香类有机物进行氯化试验,研究芳香类有机物在饮用水消毒过程中的氯化反应特性,分析芳香类有机物的化学结构对生成消毒副产物三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的影响.1)各受试物质消毒副产物(三卤甲烷和卤乙酸之和)的生成量和生成速率从大到小依次为2,4-二氯酚、2,6-二氯酚、2,3-二氯酚、对苯二酚、苯酚、苯乙酮和苯甲醛.2)芳香类有机物氯化生成消毒副产物的特性取决于苯环上官能团的性质、数量和位置等.苯环上的供电子基有利于消毒副产物的生成,吸电子基则相反;苯环上羟基的数量越多,越容易生成消毒副产物;间位官能团结构的芳香类有机物容易生成三卤甲烷,邻位和对位官能团结构的芳香类有机物则容易生成卤乙酸.3)对苯二酚的氯化反应可分为快速反应和慢速反应两个阶段.     

味道影响梦境

德国曼海姆大学的Boric Stuch教授近日在美国耳鼻喉外科会议上报告了一项实验,证明气味可能影响人们在梦中的情绪。实验中选取了15名健康妇女,年龄在20～30岁之间。当她们进入快速眼动睡眠(即大部分人开始做梦)时,用嗅觉计在10 s之内向每个人鼻孔输入一股气味,同时监视其大脑活动。实验分三次进行,分别输入玫瑰香、鸡蛋臭和无味气体。